戰後德國極右主義、極右政黨對憲政民主之挑戰

German Ultra-Right Doctrine and Political Parties after the Second World War and Their Challenge to Constitutional Democracy

葉陽明(Young-Ming Yeh)

《社會科學論叢》 1卷1期 (2007/04) Pp. 33-93

https://doi.org/10.30401/RSS.200704_1(1).0002

摘要

極右主義及其政黨是挑戰憲政民主的敵人。戰後德國極右主義為戰前國家社會主義的延續。大體而觀，極右政黨勢力發展上出現三大波態勢；每一波的衝擊皆有代表性的政黨，包括：社帝黨、國家民主黨、人民聯盟及共和國。比較下，國家民主黨對德國基本法秩序的威脅最大。德國護憲體系基於確保憲政秩序安定的職責，運用政治及司法手段，以對抗其不妥協的憲政敵手。其中強制性的黨禁措施能否真正解決政黨反憲政的問題，頗具爭議性。讓極右政黨在內鬥加劇和外在參選失利下自行潰散，應是付出最低政治成本的解決之道。

關鍵字

反憲政民主 ； 右激進主義極右主義 ； 極右政黨 ； 憲政民主秩序 ； 憲法保護護憲 ； 黨禁

並列摘要

Utra-right doctrine and political parties are without a doubt the enemies of constitutional democracy. German right extremism after the World War Ⅱ has been influenced by pre-war National Socialism. Generally speaking, there were three main waves in the development process of extreme right parties. Each wave was represented by some extreme parties, namely, the SRP, NPD, DVU and REP. Among those parties, the NPD has been the most threatening one to the German constitutional arrangements, which are based on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. In order to confront the constitutional enemies and protect constitutional arrangements, the German official system of to protect constitution uses the political and judicial means. It is contestable whether the prohibition of political parties among these means is useful to handle the problems of anti-constitutional democracy. Because of their internal conflicts and failure in elections, the extreme right parties will self-dissolute. This could be the way to solution at most low political cost.

並列關鍵字

anti-constitutional democracy ； ultra-right doctrine ； extreme right parties ； constitutional-democratic arrangements ； protection of constitution ； prohibition and prohibition and prohibition of political part