論原始儒家之宗教性：以方東美先生觀點為例的探討

人類文明的重要特徵即是從神話、宗教時代進入哲學時期，此歷程代表的是文明朝向合理性的發展，脫離原始與蠻荒；然而，原始的意義等於蠻荒嗎？文明從神話、宗教進入哲學時期後，哲學強調的純理性原則與藉理性反對宗教即為合理嗎？本文將透過方東美先生的觀點，一方面指出原始儒家透過《周易》強調原創性哲學的意義；另一方面，將分析哲學與宗教關係中合一之特性，指出原始儒家從宗教時期進入哲學時期後，仍有復歸宗教需求的特徵。即如依歷史進展而言，中原地區在商周之際確實已從宗教時代進入哲學時期；但史實仍告訴吾人，進入哲學時期後，哲學家仍需根據人性內涵，還原出宗教需求在哲學時期潛在而實存之狀態。此外，方先生透過字源學、哲學制定，以及哲學人類學等方法的探討歷程，亦值得吾人效法。

關鍵字

方東美；原始儒家；哲學制定；宗教性

並列摘要

An important characteristic of human civilization is from mythology, religion, into the period of philosophy time. The change of civilization represents the development of rational thought in human. However, if the original is barbaric? The shift of civilization from mythology toward philosophy, whether it means philosophy principles of reason that is against religion? This article will through Dr. Fang Tung-mei's view to explain the following two statements: First, why the primitive Confucian emphasizes creativity through the ”Book of Changes”? Why the features of creativity go throughout the two periods? Second, we will point out the relationship between philosophy and religion; and analyze why the rational characteristics reverting to religious still exist during the pre-Qin Dynasty philosophy period. It is means after the civilization of the rational philosophy times, the philosophers still have to follow the human nature to expose the truth- the state of the religious be needed and actual exist in potential conditions. In addition, Fang' philosophy methods, such as a critical explanation of a passage of literature, philosophical enactment, and philosophical anthropology, is also worth us follow and studying.