以東南亞華文教育的發展過程解析海峽兩岸文化融合的未來趨勢

自從國民政府播遷臺北，從而匯集整個大陸一半以上的精英約兩百萬人來到臺灣，歷經半個世紀的勵精圖治，將台澎金馬地區從歷史上的政治局外文化邊陲地帶，蛻變為傳統文化新而多采多姿的中心，由於臺灣處於地球重心的亞洲太平洋地區，故亦成為此地區文化活動的樞紐自不待言。惟我傳統文化之淬鍊寧非易事，面對若干逆流惡質文化正摧毀正統優良文化之際，海外華人均受到異質文化的影響，有逐漸淡忘正宗文化的傾向；因而成為全民教育及文化行政最重要的紮基工作。時值今日，吾人既已成為亞太文化的重心，又與西方文明競爭及觀摩，極盼傳統文化能成為東方文明的代名詞，方能肩負人類文明東西交流的重任，故此不應自我設限獨善其身，而須大行教化於東半球各地域，尤其要使東南亞延伸到東北亞的環狀地帶能延伸傳統文化，再進而擴展至全球。尤其值得重視的是中國大陸崛起，並以其逐漸增強的國力，全面的向世界各地推廣中華文化。從華文托福(HSK)、孔子學院，以致美國、歐洲、日、韓等國所興起的華文學習熱潮來看，中國大陸以商機來推動華文學習的策略，已經收到一定成效。此種機構可稱之為對外漢語教學單位。孔子學院總部設在北京，境外的孔子學院則為其分支機構，採用中外合作的形式開辦，目前已與許多國家機構簽定協議，且已陸續開辦。全球華語教學市場，本來是以臺灣為主，可是二十年以來，彼長我消，中國大陸藉對外華語推展國際文化交流，爭取認同，越來越積極，成效也越來越大，臺灣則是日漸萎縮，逐步退縮。綜觀世界局勢的發展，可以了解到全球化及地球村已成為必然的趨勢，而促進各國和諧相處，從而達到共存共榮、世界和平的目標，乃是全體人類的共識。基於上述的觀點，許多學者包括有政治理想的人士乃提出文化融合論，更提供具體的政策與主張，本文研究的動機即發源於此。全球華人圈均以此為主軸，強調「天下為公、富而好禮、慈悲為懷、清淨自在」華人文化，前已論及，華人文化也可分為大陸文化及海洋文化兩類。當然最後的結果是兩類文化將融合為中華新文化，這就是本文所強調的重點。本文擬從東南亞華文教育與兩岸的關係開始，近一步分析東南亞華文教育的現況，更上一層探討此項教育對中華文化圈未來發展的影響。本文擬以文獻分析法及歷史研究方法來闡述，並以比較、歸納、演藝及解釋等方式予以說明，除前言及結論外，共分為二、東南亞華文教育與臺灣的淵源；三、中國大陸積極推動東南亞華文教育；四、兩岸中華文化交流與融合的趨勢。

關鍵字

文化教育；華文教育；全球化；地球村

並列摘要

The national government brought almost 200 million talents from China to Taipei in 1910's. After making great efforts nearly half century, the people changed the precious outside cultural borderland which includes Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matzu to colorful new cultural centers. Moreover, Taiwan became the cultural heart in Asia Pacific area. China is popularizing Chinese culture by utilizing their national power. We can observe it from many countries such as: America, Europe, Japan and Korea are establishing ”Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi” (HSK) and Confucius colleges. This trade also shows that China did a good job in advertising learning Chinese. The market of teaching Chinese was led by Taiwan. However, in these 20 years, China strove the identifications actively by practicing international cultural exchange. Therefore, Taiwan's leading position is retreating. The motive of this article is based on the globalization is an inevitable trend and many scholars addressed cultural merging theory including various policies and ideas. Worldwide Chinese emphasize the culture of ”the world belongs to everyone”, ”person gets wealthier and has better manner” and ”people should always remember kind and love” and so on. Furthermore, Chinese culture could be separated into Continent culture and Ocean culture. This article stresses these two cultures could be merged into ”Chinese new culture”. The authors discussed the relationship between Chinese education in Southeast Asia, China and Taiwan. Next, they moved into analyzing current situation of Chinese education in Southeast Asia and how the education influences the Chinese new culture. Literature review and history research were the methods to compare, induce and explain all information in this article. The chapters are as follows: Introduction, the relationship of Chinese education in Southeast Asia and in Taiwan, Chinese education in Southeast Asia is driving positively by China, the trend of cultural exchanging and merging between China and Taiwan.