數位虛擬人物形塑技術應用於戲劇服裝設計初探

當0與1開啟了「二元邏輯」的數位時代，從一九四六年第一部二位元電腦「ENIAC」問世，到一九九○年微軟公司推出視窗作業系統的個人電腦，這三十年間個人電腦軟硬體的突飛猛進，引發了藝術創作的觀念與作法上的變革，電腦積極的參與了藝術創作的過程，而這些創作的觀念與作法上的變革同時也教育出觀者的觀看方式，並且帶來嶄新的體會與啟發，形成了新的視覺藝術風格；如一九七七年的電影《星際大戰》，以電腦動畫創造戰爭場面的特殊效果，突破過去電影中戰爭場面所無法達到的臨場感。而臺灣電腦輔助服裝設計系統的易操作性要到一九九八年法國力克公司推出Prima電腦輔助服裝設計軟體與Modaris版型設計軟體的普及化開始；隨著跨領域數位科技的發展，到引進美國TC的三度空間人體掃描系統，建立了數位量身的時代，才使得從人形建立、布料設計、版型設計、服裝設計到數位虛擬人物形塑的技術發展成熟。本文以個案研究法，透過屏風表演班的《好色奇男子》實際戲劇服裝設計的過程來紀錄，並比較使用電腦輔助設計與傳統手繪劇服設計的差異。在戲劇服裝設計過程中，從傳統的手繪設計稿到使用電腦輔助設計軟體進行數次的嘗試、實驗、調整與修正，一直到視覺化的虛擬人物形塑的定稿技術，再透過電腦輔助模擬系統，將經過電腦輔助形塑設計的劇服設計稿置放於數位化的舞台設計稿中預視演出畫面的模擬，呈現出數位科技提供更有效率的劇服設計方式。

關鍵字

電腦輔助設計；電腦輔助模擬；戲劇服裝設計；虛擬人物設計

並列摘要

The ”binary logic” era of the digital world began in 1946, with 0s and 1s at the birth of ENIAC, the first binary computer. In 1990, Microsoft marketed its first personal computer (PC) with the Windows operating system. For 30 years, PC software and programs have made tremendous leaps, initiating a revolution in viewpoint and methods of art creation. Computers have participated extensively in the process of artistic creation, and the very revolution responsible for the changes in methods and concepts of creation has also created a new way of art appreciation with novel experiences and inspiration for the audience, forming a new style of visual arts. For example, ”Star Wars”, released in 1977 with its computer animation of special effects for space battles achieved a screen presence never attained before in battle scenes of previous movies. However, the use of computer aided (CAD) costume design systems in Taiwan would become possible only with the popularization of Prima and Modaris, CAD programs for costumes released in 1998 by the French company Lectra. With the expansion of digital technology into other domains, a 3D human body scanning system was introduced by the American company TC(superscript 2). The technique initiated the era of digital body measurements, allowing the maturation of digital costume designs from building the human shape, to fabric, panel and costume designs, and finally the molding of a digital virtual character. This research investigated the theatrical production ”Legend of a Lecher” by the Ping-Fong Acting Troupe. The processes of costume design used on the set were analyzed. The research compared the processes of CAD and traditional hand drawn costume designs. Costume design process began with traditional hand drawn design drafts. The article documents the use of CAD software in repeated trials, experimentation, adjustments and corrections, all the way to design finalization by visualizing and molding a virtual character. Additionally, a computer aided simulation system was used to adopt the design drafts made from CAD processes to preview a simulated rehearsal on the digital theater stage. This process showed the efficiency of costume design methods with CAD technologies.