《清平山堂話本》—精怪故事中三元對立之研究

《清平山堂話本》中有關於精怪故事一共有四篇，故事內容以人與精怪對立，提高了故事的娛樂性。話本呈現市民階層的福禍及善惡觀，是屬於二元對立的看法。為善者必有餘慶，為惡者必得報應，實質上即內具褒善貶惡的傳統道德觀。本文主要透過二元對立的現象之分析得知，當代表善的一方無法對抗惡的一方時，於故事中便會拈出第三元—超自然，而超自然即是象徵人們潛意識中的公平與正義。精怪故事使得人們於接受說話人講述故事時同時參與褒善貶惡而脫離自然屬性之惡的層次，亦即脫離人類屬於動物的屬性，再度感受文化及提升人的自覺能力。

關鍵字

《清平山堂話本》；二元對立；三元對立；精怪

並列摘要

Four stories which illustrated the confrontation between humans and demons, appeared in ”Cging Ping Shan Tang Hua Ben”, enhance its entertainment. This script for story-telling shows views about weal and woe, good and evil of the residential social stratum which is part of the binary opposition. That one good turn deserves another and a bad penny always comes back actually is a intrinsic outlook on traditional morality about exalting virtue and censuring evil. By analyses of the phenomenon about the binary opposition of this study, we know that there will be a third part-the supernatural, when the good fails to resist the evil. The supernatural represents the fairness and justice in human subconscious. The demon's stories make people to participate in exalting virtue and censuring evil when they listened to a teller in the meantime .With such simultaneous behavior, human can escape from the gradation of human evil by nature ,that is, the gradation of animals' properties of human, to fell again atmosphere of the cultures and to promote the ability of self-introspection.