《聊齋誌異》禮物書寫探析─細讀〈鳳仙〉與〈醜狐〉

The Analysis of Gifts in "Liao Zai Zhi Yi"-A Story of Female Fox Ghosts

高桂惠(Kuei-Hui Kao)

《文化越界》 1卷7期 (2012/03) Pp. 1-21

https://doi.org/10.30405/CCS.201203_1(7).0001

摘要

本文透過《聊齋誌異》對女性的物象幻設，試圖探析在故事的物質序列中，蒲松齡所幻設出來的多重物象世界，以及「禮物」在故事中推動情節與結構上的作用及其意涵。文中指出：〈鳳仙〉以一系列女性用品作為禮物，在禮物餽贈與回報的循環中，不斷強調禮物會帶來壓迫性的義務感；也會玩弄把戲，使主人公蒙羞；禮物更會設立維繫階級的困境，但是也因為這些消極性的禮物面貌，促使社會價值與主流文化上的積極性意義得以在結局產生。〈醜狐〉故事則以借貸來書寫禮物交換／易，故事中醜女狐以金錢勾引男人，是傳統的「贈金脫貧」的主題，當男人不再匱乏時，作為禮物的金錢就不再是相關的對象之間的道德與情感連結，也就是禮物退縮的徵兆，而醜狐女遂展開具有正當性的報復。所以禮物的贈與有時富含「借貸」性質，需要「信用」予以支撐，而信用又是金錢的未來式，金錢所建立的關係鏈被贈與收受雙方的需求複雜化，也抹上一層倫理色彩。

關鍵字

聊齋誌異 ； 禮物書寫 ； 狐女 ； 鞋腳文化 ； 贈金脫貧

並列摘要

Pu Song-ling, the author of ”Liao Zai Zhi Yi”, explored the meaning of gift throughout three stories of the book. He portrayed the various aspects of gifts which contains different meanings between the givers and receivers as well as between the female fox ghost and the human beings.In the first story, a female fox ghost wad traded by her sister for she took some treasure from a man. The second story portrayed an ugly fox ghost exchange her money to own a man she loves. Once the man owned the money, he no longer agreed to fulfill the obligation of the deal between them. However, the man died, she has no way to recollect her money through the man's son...Overall speaking, the author attempt to explain the different nature of gifts, for example, gift can be something good for trade between two parties; it can be an object which establishes certain kind of relationship between the two parties. In order to keep a balanced relationship, one party is able to receive certain rights, while the other one needs to fulfill its obligation continually. Once this balance was broken, the relationship was also shattered, and the repayment will be pursued by the giver. According to the author, gifts and the deeds related to the gifts were meant to explore the aspects of gifts between genders, human minds, social values and ethics, etc.

並列關鍵字

gift ； female fox ghost ； exchange ； rights and obligation