嘉慶與道光兩朝《欽定回疆則例》刊刻版本之比較

Comparison of ＂Imperial commanded southern Tian Shanexample＂ printed versions between Jiaqing dynasty and Daoguang dynasty

陳殷宜(Yin-Yi Chen)

《國立臺中科技大學通識教育學報》 5期 (2016/12) Pp. 35-62

https://doi.org/10.7052/JGE.201612_(5).0002

摘要

《欽定回疆則例》是清朝治理回疆重要的民族法規，其編纂有一定程序。目前所見刊刻本有二，一是嘉慶20年(1815)初次纂成的嘉慶年版，及道光23年(1843)續修完成的道光年版，兩者相差近30 年，此間經歷張格爾、浩罕等亂事，二版在卷數上相差了一倍，內容有保留嘉慶年版原例、修改、修併的，或是因應時勢，全新增纂及續纂的條文。就條文內容比對及追溯載明奏定或修定年代，道光年版承襲乾嘉時期所定內容有百分之六十四以上。清朝治理回疆，並非先有設計一套完整的制度，而是遇事處理形成慣例、原則，具有可變性及彈性。本文先釐清各版《欽定回疆則例》編纂過程，再探討編撰者的新疆經驗與條文間的影響，兩版本修刪改併的變化，及《欽定回疆則例》內容展現乾嘉道三朝回疆民族事務的依俗、創建、依循及改革的變化。

關鍵字

清朝 ； 新疆 ； 回疆則例 ； 伯克 ； 民族政策

並列摘要

＂Imperial commanded southern Tian Shan example＂ was a significant national regulation for administering Huijiang in the time of Qing dynasty. There is a particular procedure of compiling it. Two printed version can be seen so far these days. One was first compiled in the 20^(th) year of Jiaqing (1815), the Jiaqing edition. The other, the Daoguang edition, was finished compiling in the 23^(th) year of Daoguang (1843), which modified and continued from the Jiaqing edition.There was a thirty-year difference between two versions. During that time, it has been through Jihanger revolts and Khanate of Kokandinvading. Also, the Daoguang edition is two times the roll of the Jiaqing edition. It contained the original, modified or combined order from the Jiaqing edition and new, continued or even reviewed and corrected clausesbecause of the unstable situation at that time. As comparing the content and tracing back, stating and modifying the date, the Daoguang edition has followed the original content from Qianlong dynasty and Jiaqing dynasty for over 64%. Instead of pre-designing a complete system, when Qing dynasty was controlling Huijiang (southern Tian Shan), they turned examples into convention or principle, and make them to be flexible. Clarifying every version of compilation process of ＂Imperial commanded southern Tian Shan example＂ is the first thing to do in the article. Then, we investigated influence between the compiler's experience in Xinjiang and the terms, the variation after being modifying and combining two versions, and the alteration of custom, establishment, following and reformation of Chein-Lung, Chia-Chin and Dou-Gao, three dynasties 's Huijiang national affairs that ＂Imperial commanded southern Tian Shan example＂ showed.

並列關鍵字

Qing dynasty ； Xinjiang ； southern Tian Shan example ； Beg ； ethnic policy

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