Background: In psychiatric acute care settings, patients with severe psychotic symptoms commonly exhibit violent behaviors due to uncontrolled emotions. Seclusion and restraint are widely used to protect and calm such patients as well as to save others from harm. However, few studies have shown the efficacy of restraint on emotional control of psychiatric patients. The use of restraint may easily disrupt the therapeutic rapport between psychiatric nurses and the patient. Previous studies suggest that music therapy can help psychotics manage their own agitated emotions and violent behaviors. Few studies have, however, researched the possible effects of music on psychotic patients restrained in a seclusion room. Purpose: This study compared the effects and differences of music and restraint on psychiatric patients' emotional control in a seclusion room in a psychiatric acute setting. Methods: An experimental research design was used. The duration of study intervention was from April to November, 2007. Psychiatric patients who were restrained in a seclusion room were recruited and randomly assigned to one experimental and one control group. Each group consisted of 28 subjects. The experimental group completed the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS) before and after a 30-minute music intervention to evaluate emotional status. In addition, subject physical condition, such as breathing, pulse rate, and blood pressure, were also examined before and after music intervention. The control group received no music intervention and experienced only an equivalent 30-minute period of restraint and seclusion. Results: Music intervention was found to reduce significantly the anxiety (F=18.75, p<.001) and hostility (F=13.56, p<.001) of patients isolated in a seclusion room; the anxiety (F=16.81, p<.001) and hostility (F=14.66, p<.001) of patients who were simply restrained also changed significantly. Results indicate that both restraint and music intervention may be effective in controlling the impulse and aggressive emotions of psychiatric patients. Furthermore, music was found to have a more prolonged effect than restraint on emotional control in psychiatric patients. Implications: Findings may be used to guide future research on this topic and to shape emotion-control interventions in psychiatric wards.
Background: In psychiatric acute care settings, patients with severe psychotic symptoms commonly exhibit violent behaviors due to uncontrolled emotions. Seclusion and restraint are widely used to protect and calm such patients as well as to save others from harm. However, few studies have shown the efficacy of restraint on emotional control of psychiatric patients. The use of restraint may easily disrupt the therapeutic rapport between psychiatric nurses and the patient. Previous studies suggest that music therapy can help psychotics manage their own agitated emotions and violent behaviors. Few studies have, however, researched the possible effects of music on psychotic patients restrained in a seclusion room. Purpose: This study compared the effects and differences of music and restraint on psychiatric patients' emotional control in a seclusion room in a psychiatric acute setting. Methods: An experimental research design was used. The duration of study intervention was from April to November, 2007. Psychiatric patients who were restrained in a seclusion room were recruited and randomly assigned to one experimental and one control group. Each group consisted of 28 subjects. The experimental group completed the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS) before and after a 30-minute music intervention to evaluate emotional status. In addition, subject physical condition, such as breathing, pulse rate, and blood pressure, were also examined before and after music intervention. The control group received no music intervention and experienced only an equivalent 30-minute period of restraint and seclusion. Results: Music intervention was found to reduce significantly the anxiety (F=18.75, p<.001) and hostility (F=13.56, p<.001) of patients isolated in a seclusion room; the anxiety (F=16.81, p<.001) and hostility (F=14.66, p<.001) of patients who were simply restrained also changed significantly. Results indicate that both restraint and music intervention may be effective in controlling the impulse and aggressive emotions of psychiatric patients. Furthermore, music was found to have a more prolonged effect than restraint on emotional control in psychiatric patients. Implications: Findings may be used to guide future research on this topic and to shape emotion-control interventions in psychiatric wards.
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