上肢運動機能與網球發球球速相關性之探討

The Correlation between the Motor Function of Upper Extremity and Tennis Serve Velocity

羅國城(Kuo-Cheng Lo) ； 林槐庭(Hwai-Ting Lin) ； 蘇芳慶(Fong-Chin Su) ； 王苓華(Lin-Hwa Wang)

《華人運動生物力學期刊》 1期 (2009/10) Pp. 17-22

摘要

本研究之主要目的是針對青少年網球選手上肢運動機能及人體計測資料與發球球速之相關性，作一周詳而深入的研究。實驗方式是以等速肌力測試儀量測肩關節最大旋轉力矩，使用握力器、量角器量取手部握力和上肢運動範圍，以及利用測速槍來記錄發球之球速。實驗參與者有二十位，年齡介於十三至二十歲，並具有兩年以上球齡且肩部沒有受過傷害之青少年男子網球選手。研究結果顯示，身體計測資料中，年齡、身高、體重與發球球速有顯著的相關（p ＜ 0.05）；在肢體周長與發球球速的相關性上，前臂周長、上臂最大周長兩項變因均會對發球球速產生影響。（p ＜ 0.05）。動態肌力量測上，慣用肢肩關節最大力矩在180度／秒的向心內旋及離心外旋，以及60度／秒的離心外旋對於發球球速也有顯著的影響。（p ＜ 0.05）。此外，慣用肢肩關節屈曲與非慣用肢外展的運動範圍也與發球球速有明顯的相關（p ＜ 0.05）。網球平擊式發球進入有效發球區中的球速，不僅僅與肩關節外展在高速時向心肌力相關，而且青少年網球選手的年齡、身高、體重、前臂圍以及握力也會直接影響發球球速。在技能與肌力訓練外，青少年網球選手柔軟性的加強應是慣用與非慣用肢並進，將可提升運動表現及降低運動傷害發生。研究結果將可提供青少年網球選手在發球方面的訓練、成果評估研究，另外也可以當成選材的參考。

關鍵字

網球 ； 發球 ； 柔軟性 ； 肌力 ； 上肢

並列摘要

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of motor function of upper extremity on the tennis flat serve velocity in young tennis athletes. Methods: A radar velocity detector was used to measure serve velocity, and an isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the shoulder rotator strength. Twenty adolescent tennis players, age from thirteen to twenty without any shoulder injury, were recruited in this study. Results: The results showed that, the anthropometrics data, age, height, and body weight had significant correlation with the serve velocity (p ＜ 0.05). The circumference of upper arm and forearm also had significant correlation with the serve velocity (p ＜ 0.05). The internal rotator strength in concentric contraction in 180°/s testing speed and external rotator strength in both 60°/s and 180°/s eccentric contraction had statistical significant correlation to the serve velocity. Statistical significant correlation was also found between serve velocity and shoulder range of motion both in dominant and non-dominant shoulder flexion and abduction (p ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: The age, height, weight, circumference of forearm and internal rotator strength in concentric contraction of shoulder abduction correlated significantly with adolescent tennis players’ serving velocity. In addition to skill and muscle strength training, adolescent players’ enhancement of the flexibility should also focus on the dominant and non-dominant. The results could promote sports performance and reduce sports injury and provide the basic guidelines of the tennis training criteria during the long-term development and evaluation. It is also helpful for physicians and therapists in the diagnosis of sports injury and clinical treatment.

並列關鍵字

Tennis ； Serve ； Flexibility ； Strength ； Upper extremity