膝關節運動貼紮對優秀女性足球選手頭頂球動作著地階段之生物力學影響

目的：探究運動貼紮的介入，對足球頭頂球著地動作中，著地階段下肢傷害風險的生物力學影響，並比較兩種頭頂球動作的傷害風險差異。方法：本研究以12名國家優秀女子足球隊選手為研究對象，實驗介入分為膝關節無貼紮與有貼紮兩種情境，實驗測試分為原地躍起頭頂球及跨步躍起頭頂球的兩種動作。以一套含八台紅外線攝影機與兩塊測力板的動作捕捉系統擷取資料，並以動作分析軟體進行運動學、地面反作用力，以及動力學之資料處理。以2×2重複量數二因子（貼紮×動作）變異數分析（two-way ANOVA），比較各分析參數在不同頭頂球動作及有無貼紮間是否有差異存在，統計顯著水準訂為α=0.05。結果：有貼紮時，觸地瞬間膝關節屈曲角度大於無貼紮時（p＜0.05），且有貼紮時的膝關節最大伸膝力矩顯著小於無貼紮時（p＜0.05）。跨步躍起頭頂球，著地期負荷率顯著大於原地躍起頭頂球（p＜0.05），且觸地瞬間踝關節的蹠屈較少（p＜0.05），而髖關節及膝關節則較為屈曲（p＜0.05），且髖關節及膝關節皆有有較大的觸地角速度（p＜0.05）。結論：本研究推論在介入膝關節運動貼紮後，應可協助支撐膝關節之穩定，降低膝關節負荷，進而減少下肢傷害風險的產生。而相較於原地躍起頭頂球動作，跨步躍起頭頂球會有較大的傷害風險。

關鍵字

地面反作用力；運動學；力矩；原地躍起頭頂球；跨步躍起頭頂球

並列摘要

Purpose: The current research aims at investigating the biomechanical effects of athletic knee taping on the risk of the lower extremity injuries associated with landing after soccer heading. Two types of commonly-used landings were selected in the current study. Methods: Twelve elite athletes (players) from the U18 National Women's Soccer Team were chosen and asked to perform two types of landings: landing after two-footed-takeoff heading and landing after one-footed-takeoff heading, with and without athletic knee taping in each condition. Data were collected via eight Qualisys infrared cameras and the QTM action capture system with two AMTI triaxial sensors and then further processed through the Motion Monitor Software to gather ground reaction force and kinematic data. The statistical analyses were conducted using repeated measure two-way ANOVA (taping * landing) with a significance level α =.05. Results: Our analyses indicate that in taping condition, knee joint flexion angles at initial contact are statistically greater than without taping (p ＜ 0.05) and also the maximum knee extension moments are significantly lower than without taping (p ＜ 0.05). Landing after one-footed-takeoff heading, as expected, causes more strain than landing after two-footed-takeoff heading (p ＜ 0.05), which conforms with previous researches. In addition, landing after one-footed-takeoff heading has less ankle flexion angle (p ＜ 0.05) at the initial contact and more hip and knee flexion angle with significantly larger angular speed at initial contact (p ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that traditional taping increases knee stability, reduces loading, and, consequently, leads to lower risk of lower extremity injuries. Furthermore, landing after one-footed-takeoff heading shows a higher risk of lower extremity injuries compared to landing after two-footed-takeoff heading.