「遊獄歸來」－張識異蹟之幽冥見證研究

Returning from the Underworld-The Research of Nether Testimony on Shi Zhang's Spiritua

林珊妏(Lin, Shan-Wen)

《嘉大中文學報》 15期 (2022/03) Pp. 1-32

摘要

張識異蹟故事在明末天主教信眾中，具有相當高的知名度，為當世著名的傳教見證代表，亦為明末傳教策略調整之事例：由原先利瑪竇面對上層士大夫的知性傳教，轉成一般民眾的靈驗或異蹟傳教。本文就李九標《口鐸日抄》、李九功《勵脩一鑑》、顏維聖《天主審判明證》三書，以及《法國國家圖書館明清天主教文獻》第12冊與張識故事有關的記載內容，進行整理與表列，以為「幽冥見證」主題論述分析。首先從「復活情節」和「夢示情節」單元探究張識異蹟故事的死亡、復活、審判、地獄、夢示、預告等相關內容。再者，自「冥審遊獄」角度，探討天主教的幽冥見證教義。中國冥界觀的豐富性和多元化，提供天主教極佳的宗教接受背景，因而天主教在入華傳教之初，套用中國幽冥見證之宣教手法，便於天主教義的傳播。但中西在地獄定義、冥界景場、幽冥成員等方面仍相差懸殊，分析明清傳教文本內容時，足以考察其間之差異。故入冥遊獄之張識異蹟見證故事，為中西文化交流時的絕佳例證，藉以觀察天主教的宗教特色和教義內涵。

關鍵字

幽冥 ； 張識 ； 靈蹟 ； 傳教策略 ； 中西文化交流

並列摘要

Shi Zhang's spiritual stories which were witnessed by Giulio Aleni were both famous and representative among Catholicism believers, in late Ming dynasty. Testimonies had been changed religious preaches toward scholar officials as Matteo Ricci did to spiritual preaches the general public. In this study, the first focus has been based on Shi Zhang's stories recorded in Jiubiao Li's Kou Duo Ri Chao, Jiugong Li's Li Xiu Yi Jian, Weisheng Yan's God's Judgment and Chinese Christian Texts from the National Library of France Vol. 12. Those texts will be re-organized completely to get related references of Shi Zhang's spiritual stories. Second, studies were conducted related to death, resurrection, trial, hell, dream interpretation, and prophecy in Shi Zhang's spiritual stories. By analyzing resurrection and dream interpretation, we recognize the nether cognition and understand the differences of nether conceptions between Chinese and Western. Through investigating Shi Zhang's spiritual stories, we observe Catholicism preachers' missionary strategies of religious believes, their writing subject and compiling modes of missionary propagandas as the best example of cultural exchange between China and Western.

並列關鍵字

nether ； Shi Zhang ； spirituality ； missionary strategy ； cultural exchange between China and Western