Vulnerable Mother Tongues in Taiwan: The Past, Present and Future Prospects

台灣母語受壓迫ê經驗lóng是和殖民經驗kap做伙ê，包括日本時代kap中國國民黨佇台灣實施戒嚴ê時期。對母語不利ê政治經濟結構長期存在，所致母語ê使用ùi公領域kiu退到私領域。1987年台灣解除戒嚴以後，各族群母語復興運動，牽涉台灣人án-tsuáⁿ來重新建立家己ê文化kap自我認同，是誠重要ê社會運動之一。經過二十冬，佇誠濟人拍拚之下，母語復興已經有袂少正面ê成果，m-koh，tsia--ê成果真有限，而且ē-sái輾轉使用母語ê人suah愈來愈少。Tsit篇文章內底，代先beh講母語kap外來語ê定義，紲來看傷害母語ê語言政策kap法律。進一步，ē用一个語言生態模型來解說母語kap外來語ê關係。這个模型設定：母語kap外來語佇社會環境內底有相成ê功能地位，mā競爭仝款ê社會資源，伊明白指出為啥物母語復興ē tsiah困難。根據這个模型，文章內底ē紹介成功ê新形態母語社會運動。文章ê上尾pha建議一寡未來母語運動ê策略kap行動。

關鍵字

母語；語言生態；社會運動；語言政策

並列摘要

The oppression of mother tongues in Taiwan had always been accompanied by her colonial experiences since the Japanese era, and extended over the last fifty years of the 20th century, when Kuomintang imposed martial law in Taiwan. During this lengthy period, political and economic structures detrimental to mother tongues were constructed and the use of mother tongues in Taiwan was pushed from public areas to private domains. The revitalization of the mother tongues of different ethnic groups was one of the most important social movements after 1987 and is related to how the Taiwanese people reconstructed their cultural boundaries and self-identities. Many people tried hard to revive mother tongues, and they accomplished some positive outcomes in the past 20 years. However, the achievements have been very limited and people who can speak mother tongues fluently are still declining in number. In this article, definitions of mother tongues and alien languages are given. Important historical events and language policies that are prejudicial to the use of mother tongues are reviewed. Furthermore, an ecological model is introduced to clarify the relationships between mother tongues and alien languages. This model assumes that both kinds of languages have the same niche and vie for the same resource in the social environment, and also intelligibly reveal the difficulties of mother tongue revitalization. Based on this model, some examples of new social movements are given. Future strategies and actions are recommended in the final section of the article.