新竹市洪水災害社會脆弱性之研究

THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITY OF URBAN FLOODING DISASTER IN HSINCHU CITY

王立彬(LI-PIN WANG) ； 廖學誠(SHYUE-CHERNG LIAW)

《工程環境會刊》 38期 (2018/01) Pp. 94-113

https://doi.org/10.6562/JEE.201801_(38).0006

摘要

近年來，許多研究指出，社會人文條件對於災害具有重要影響，社會人文面向的災害研究也逐漸受到重視，脆弱性研究即是其中之一。脆弱性是指一地區面對災害時的體質，脆弱性越高，代表在面臨災害時，將有可能會造成較大的損失，因此，研究一地區的脆弱性可以說是災害風險評估中相當重要的一環。脆弱性可分為自然物理脆弱性與社會脆弱性兩種，本研究所要探討的便是社會脆弱性，意即在社會的各種條件下，社會對災害的潛在體質。透過評估指標的選定，配合統計資料的收集，便可有效計算出社會脆弱性。本文以新竹市作為範例，經由模糊德爾菲法與層級分析法，進行洪水災害社會脆弱性指標的選定及權重，並透過政府統計資料與問卷調查資料，計算出新竹市的社會脆弱性。研究結果得知，將敏感性、防災能力及調適能力三個構面的社會脆弱性分數合計後，以北區的整體社會脆弱性最高(0.4459)，其次為香山區(0.3346)，東區則最低(0.3261)。

關鍵字

洪水災害 ； 社會脆弱性 ； 模糊德爾菲法 ； 層級分析法

並列摘要

Recently, many researches report that the social and cultural conditions have a certain degree of influence on the disaster. As a result, disaster researches of social and human dimensions get more attention. Especially, vulnerability research is becoming an important issue. Vulnerability refers to the potential conditions of society, and the higher vulnerability of disaster also represents that disaster would cause greater losses. So, a study of vulnerability to disaster risk assessment can be a very important part. Generally, the vulnerability can be classified into two categories. One is social vulnerability, and the other is physical vulnerability. In this study, we focus on the social vulnerability, which means under a variety of social conditions, how those conditions affect the society when the hazards happened. Through the selected indicators, with the collection of statistical data, we can calculate the vulnerability scores effectively. In this paper, the Hsinchu City is chose as study area. Based on the fuzzy Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the indicators are selected and weighted, respectively. In addition, through the statistical data from different government agents and questionnaire survey for citizens, the social vulnerability for flooding disaster in the Hsinchu City is calculated. Results show that the scores of social vulnerability in the Northern District is highest (0.4459) when the three dimensions, including sensitivity, preventing disaster capacity, and adaptive capacity, summed together. The Siangshan District is following (0.3346), and the Eastern District is lowest (0.3261).

並列關鍵字

flooding disaster ； social vulnerability ； fuzzy Delphi method ； analytic hierarchy process