什麼是新聞？

What is News?

蘇鑰機(Clement York-Kee So)

《傳播研究與實踐》 1卷1期 (2011/01) Pp. 1-24

https://doi.org/10.6123/JCRP.2011.001

摘要

本文回顧和討論新聞的基本性質和特性。首先概述一般人對新聞的不同看法，主要涉及新近、重要和有趣這三個要點。接下來討論新聞的定義、成為新聞的條件和新聞應有的要素，其中包括新聞即「偏差」的理論。新聞價值是另一個相關議題，它涉及新聞本質、事件因素、人際因素、哲學基礎四個範疇。從一些經典新聞文獻可見，新聞是一種社會建構，其形式和內容取決於某些意識形態和社會因素。本文最後提出「目的抽樣」的意念，來解釋新聞的運作和特點。

關鍵字

新聞定義 ； 新聞要素 ； 新聞偏差理論 ； 新聞價值 ； 目的抽樣

並列摘要

This article reviews and discusses the basic nature and characteristics of news. First it describes people's different views on news, including immediacy, importance, and interest. Then it discusses the definition of news, conditions of becoming news as well as the essential elements of news, which include the deviance theory of news. Newsworthiness is another related topic involving the following four aspects: nature of news, event factors, personal factors, and philosophical foundation. From some classical news literature, we understand that news is a kind of social construction. Its format and content is determined by certain ideologies and social factors. Finally, this article proposes the idea of ”purposive sampling” to explain the operation and characteristics of news.

並列關鍵字

definition of news ； element of news ； theory of news deviance ； newsworthiness ； purposive sampling

參考文獻

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Breed, W.(1955).Social control in the newsroom: A functional analysis.Social Forces.33,326-335.