媒體壟斷如何防制？媒體多元如何維護？－邁向一個複合式的管制取徑

Media Consolidation or Media Diversity? Towards a "Compound" Approach of Media Regulation

羅世宏(Shih-Hung Lo)

《傳播研究與實踐》 3卷2期 (2013/07) Pp. 1-25

摘要

臺灣傳播產業地景已因近年來的媒體併購潮而發生新的變化；當前益為險峻的挑戰是媒體資源逐漸集中或控制在少數財團手上，必須綢繆政策因應之道。本文將論證焦點置於以下兩個問題：一是媒體壟斷應該如何防制？二是媒體多元性應該如何維護？首先，本文檢視既有政策文件與研究文獻，對媒體壟斷與媒體多樣性進行理論辯證，並清理國內外的媒體集中化管制政策規範；其次，為了釐清媒體壟斷防制議題中爭議最多的媒體集中度測量與管制問題，本文考察國外已發展出來的相關作法與經驗。最後，本文提出一種複合式的管制取徑，以因應數位匯流時代越來越複雜與艱難的媒體壟斷防制和媒體多元性維護的挑戰。本文倡議，我國應適度調整結構、行為和內容管制的政策方向，並且導入其他管制手段，譬如，改革媒體重大併購案的實質審查程序、將公益檢驗與協議裁決的政策工具制度化、以及立法保障公益訴訟，才能落實媒體集中化管制政策真正企圖達成的防制壟斷與維護多元的雙重目標。

關鍵字

媒體壟斷 ； 媒體多元 ； 媒體管制 ； 複合式管制取徑

並列摘要

Following several mergers and acquisitions, Taiwan media landscape has radically changed in recent years. The media market, increasingly dominated by a few conglomerates, presents a pressing issue for the society. To help address it, this essay focuses on two intertwined questions: How to prevent media consolidation? How to promote media diversity? With concepts of media consolidation and media diversity discussed first, the author takes stock of existing regulations on media concentration as currently exercised in Taiwan and some other countries. He then examines the various practices and regulations pertinent to measuring media concentration. The article concludes by proposing a ”compound” approach of media regulation so as to achieve the multiple aims of media consolidation prevention as well as media diversity promotion. It calls for the necessary policy modifications in structural, behavioral and content regulation. Other policy innovations such as ”the public interest test,” ”the public interest litigation” and ”consent decree” are also introduced as part of the ”compound” approach to media regulation.

並列關鍵字

media consolidation ； media diversity ； media regulation ； a compound approach of media regulation