12週運動訓練對高齡者功能性體適能之影響

緒論：近年研究指出不同年齡高齡者應依據體能差異規劃適當策略效益較佳，國內針對不同年齡層高齡者進行介入效益分析相關研究少見，社區運動實務可能遭遇困難等亦需研究驗證。本研究探討12週，每週1次120分鐘多元性運動介入，對不同年齡高齡者功能性體適能之影響。方法：採準實驗設計招募69位高齡者（年齡76.26±8.02歲），65歲至74歲（YO組）31人、75歲至84歲（OLD組）22人、85歲至94歲（OD組）16人。參與者接受12週、每週1次、每次120分鐘運動訓練，強度達自覺量表5-6中等強度等級以上，第0週進行前測、第13週進行後測，檢測項目為手臂彎舉、坐姿起立、8英呎立走及2分鐘原地踏步。採t檢定對前後測及不同年齡組進行差異性比較。結果：（1）YO組在上肢肌力、下肢肌力、心肺耐力顯著進步；（2）OLD組在上肢肌力、下肢肌力顯著進步；（3）OD組在各功能性體適能表現雖增加，但皆無達統計上顯著進步，但亦無退步。結論：訓練能提升高齡者體適能，介入效益隨年齡增加存有差異；對85至94歲者能維持其肌力、心肺耐力與敏捷性不至衰退；高齡運動宜將年齡納入分組考量；應針對85歲以上高齡者開發有效提升體適能表現之方案。

關鍵字

高齡者運動；年齡分組；運動介入

並列摘要

Introduction: Effect of multi-component exercise training on community-dwelling older adults in improving physical fitness or reduce the chance of frail has been verified. Position stand and guideline for older adults proposed by American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) declare the clear path to improve the fitness comprehensively, but benefits of multi-component exercise training take place to the health and functional fitness in different age older adults is unknown. To verify the effects of Yong Jian community training program (YCT) program on functional fitness performance in community-dwelling older adults. Additionally, we also investigated that how long the effects of MET program could significantly maintain or decrease. Methods: 69community-residing seniors (age: 76.3±8.01 years old) were recruited as study participants. YCT participants had trained for 12 weeks with one section per week, 120 min/session, with intensity of 5-6 in Ratings of Perceived Exertion scale. The functional fitness tests were assessed before the training, 12 week after training for all subjects. Data were analyzed by paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test, repeat measure analysis of covariance within 2-factors. Results: The results showed that compared pretest with posttest, YCT in Chair stand, Arm Curl and 2-min step test significantly increased after 12 weeks training; young olds (65-74yrs) show significantly increase in Chair stand, Arm Curl and 2-min step; olds (75-84yrs) show significantly increase in Chair stand , Arm Curl; old-olds (85-94yrs) show no significantly increase in any fitness performance. Consequently, our study results concluded that YCT could effectively be helpful for strength and cardiorespiratory endurance of older adults who aged in 65-84yrs, but it could only maintain the fitness for who over 85 years old . Conclusion: YCT significantly improve performances of functional fitness but old olds. Further research should focus on exploring what exercise programs can more effectively improve the functional fitness performance of people over the age of 85. We believe that community-based exercise programs or experiments should be conducted according to different ages, so that participants can get better health promotion benefits.

並列關鍵字

older adult exercise ； age-based ； intervention

參考文獻

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12週運動訓練對高齡者功能性體適能之影響

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