並列摘要
The first stage in the process of Cross-Cultural Transmission is ＂translation.＂ That is, to change unfamiliar words into intelligible text in order to facilitate exchange and communication. The very action of translation, more often than not, reflects the translator's cultural background and ideological inclination. For example, it would make a significant difference to translate the name of the leader of the invading British Navy during the Opium Wars, Sir Henry Pottinger into Ben-dian-zhuo rather than Pu-ding-cha, which appeared in our school history textbook, or the British High Commissioner to China, Lord Elgin's name into Yi-li-jin rather than E-er-jin, as the person who ordered that the Yuan-ming-yuan (the Old Summer Palace) be burnt down in 1860 during the Second Opium War, would make a significant difference. In other words, when Chinese encountered these translated names, such as Pu-ding-cha or E-er-jin, a strong sense of humiliation and hatred would be invoked and horrible memories of the Opium Wars would return. In Hong Kong, however, these names were retranslated by the British Colonial Government, and the new translations of these names have completely erased the negative memories of the Opium Wars, rendering them harmless and neutral street names in Hong Kong. Another example is the word ＂map＂ in Chinese translation. Rather than the geographical term di-tu, ＂map＂ can imply the action of redefining the boundaries of some terms or concepts. This term is used very often in this post-modern world, and an old term now is having a very different meaning after translation. This process of translating strange and unfamiliar ideas or objects into comfortable and familiar ones is the first and most important step in the exchange among different cultures. Therefore, it seems not far-fetched to say that the keyword for Cross-Cultural Transmission is... ＂translation.＂
延伸閱讀
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