命運與符號的圖像性質

The Iconicity between Propositions and Signs

林子龍(Zih-Long Lin)

《臺北市立教育大學學報. 人文社會類》 42卷2期 (2011/11) Pp. 109-133

https://doi.org/10.6336/JUTh/2011.42(2)5

摘要

命題表達事實，語言表達命題，相對於圖示符號的具像（mimetic）形式，語言符號是屬於抽象的形式，由於命題與事實兩者都是從現實世界中被萃取出來，所以命題及事實兩者與現實的關係是屬於抽象與具像（concrete）的對應關係，也因此語言與命題兩者有著形式上的一致性，但是圖像形式是類似現實世界的具像形式與命題的抽象形式並不相同，所以屬於具像性質的圖像是如何去表達一個抽象性質的命題是本篇論文所要探討的主題。文章的結構為：前言透過對現象區分為自然與法則兩種類型成為本文論述的架構起點；第一章討論命題，包含命題與事實、事實與事件、事實與事態三個小節；第二章討論符號，包含命題與符號、符號與圖像性、圖像與原型符號三個小節；第三章討論命題與圖像，包含圖像的性質與命題、圖像與構圖兩個小節；結語則是透過符號發展理論去釐清圖像性在符號與對象三者之間在觀念上容易混淆的地方。文章裡主要引用的理論有Wittgenstein的圖像及再現理論、Tulving的陳述記憶理論、Sonesson的圖像性理論、Lowenfeld與Brittain的兒童圖像發展理論、Barthes的語言組合段理論。所有的理論主要透過「Gabrielle和她的姊姊」這件畫作探討圖像符號與命題分析的策略及步驟，並作闡述如何運用原型圖像的概念發展Wittgenstein關於原子命題與命名之間的關係架構，並探討特定的命題是如何被勾勒出來。

關鍵字

情節記憶 ； 語意記憶 ； 基礎命題 ； 事態 ； 圖像性 ； 組合段

並列摘要

Proposition states the fact, and language describes the proposition. The relationship of structure between picture and language is that pictures, which configuration is mimetic is in contrast to language, which configuration is abstract. Since both proposition and fact are abstract from reality, we can say that the relation between proposition and reality is similar to the relation between language and picture, so that the form of proposition and the form of language both have similar configurations: non-mimetic. The works of visual arts are used to express a subject by virtue of proposition, but the problem is how a picture with mimetic configuration can express a proposition which is abstract? The aim of this essay is to explore the relationship of structure between picture and proposition. Some opinions are provided from this essay: The thinking of how to divide the reality into units and develop them into a structure of language is based on Wittgenstein's ”Tractatus”; and the approach which is based on Tulving's episodic memory and semantic memory is adopted to explain the content of pictures, then made up the concept of iconicity to build the fundamentals which combine picture and language. Such approach is attempted to transfer the semantic theory into the iconic theory and finally to develop the theory of prototype of picture. The oil painting ”Gabrielle d'Estrees and one of her sisters” is a good example , and Barthes's concept of syntagm also provides a good guide to build up the theory about composition and explain the logic formation of proposition.

並列關鍵字

episodic memory ； semantic memory ； elemental proposition ； states of affairs ； iconicity ； syntagm

參考文獻

McGrath, M. (2005). Propositions. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter, 2005 ed.). Retrieved May 12, 2011, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2005/entries/propositions

Mulligan, K., & Correia, F. (2008). Facts. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter, 2008 ed.). Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2008/entries/facts/

Proops, I. (2010). Wittgenstein's Logical Atomism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall, 2010 ed.). Retrieved May 12, 2011, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2010/entries/wittgenstein-atomism/

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