國內外底泥品質管理策略之探討

Comparison of Sediment Quality Control Strategies in Taiwan and Other Countries

方孟德(Meng-Der Fang) ； 吳培堯(Pei-Yao Wu) ； 賴允傑(Yun-Jie Lai) ； 劉泰銘(Tay-Ming Liou) ； 梁又仁(Yu-Jen Liang)

《土壤及地下水污染整治》 1卷1期 (2014/07) Pp. 15-40

https://doi.org/10.6499/JSGR.2014.0101.002

摘要

針對污染底泥的處理問題，美國早已訂定完整的管制策略，其優先考量重點為場址內之底泥是否有遭受污染之虞，其初步篩檢方法可透過底泥品質指標來判斷。當場址內之底泥有受污染之虞時，須進行其他相關之生物毒性等試驗方法，以瞭解污染底泥對環境安全、生態系統及人體健康所存在之污染潛勢，進而擬定適當之管理或整治復育方案。其他國家參考美國之污染底泥管理策略，進而訂定適當的污染底泥管理辦法，如加拿大安大略省境內訂立之污染底泥管理決策流程。荷蘭及德國均以管理濬渫底泥為主，荷蘭以5個階層管理不同品質的濬渫底泥並賦予不同的管制策略。德國因其聯邦體制，不同地區的水體與港口由不同事業主管機關自行管理，濬渫底泥污染分為3類，各有不同的管制措施。國外之底泥品質指標並非為一固定濃度值，其透過考量污染物之傳輸途徑與性質、生物毒性、及生物累積性或生物放大性等相關資訊，再依地區用途與適用性之不同，而訂立適合之底泥品質指標。本研究共彙整美國、加拿大、歐盟、澳洲及紐西蘭等國外底泥品質指標之內容及其適用範圍，與國外所使用之底泥指標訂定方法進行說明，包括各式實驗及經驗法、平衡分配法及共識法底泥品質準則訂定方法等相關資訊。至於國內底泥指標值之訂定方法的考量，可依照美國EPA目前在底泥品質分類上將邏輯迴歸法及平衡分配法品質指標值並列，兩種方法指標值可以互補，同時為了達到篩選底泥品質所需的保守性，若同一種化合物在兩種方法中均有指標值則取較低者，以達到有效篩選具污染潛勢底泥的目的。品質指標污染物篩選，則參考國內及國際間較受重視的污染物，並藉由與國內現行公告分析方法比對，選定初步建議之底泥品質指標項目及指標值。

關鍵字

底泥污染 ； 品質指標 ； 管制策略

並列摘要

The US has set up a thorough policy regarding contaminated sediments, and decisions as to whether sediments are contaminated are based on screening techniques and sediment quality guidelines. When assessed as contaminated, sediments are then subjected to toxicity tests to quantify the potential harm to the environment and human health, in order to take appropriate control or remediation measures. Many other countries and regions have looked to the contaminated sediment control strategy used in the US when establishing their own policies as seen, for example, in those adopted in Ontario, Canada. In contrast, the Netherlands and Germany focus their related efforts on dredged sediment management. The Netherlands employs a sediment quality classification system that uses five categories for dredged sediments, each with different control strategies. In Germany the water bodies and harbors in different areas are regulated by different authorities, with three different control policies for dredged contaminated sediments. The sediment quality guidelines of many countries do not state fixed concentrations for any constituents, and the guidelines are determined by the transfer pathways, toxicities, bioaccumulation, and bio-magnification of the contaminants, along with considerations of how the related areas are used. This study examines the sediment quality guidelines that are applied in the US, Canada, European Union, Australia, and New Zealand. This work also looks at the methods used to establish the guidelines, including experiments, empirical methods, equilibrium methods, and consensus methods. With regard to the sediment quality guidelines in Taiwan, these are based on the categorization methods used in the US, which apply both logistic regressions and equilibrium methods. This approach can effectively identify potentially contaminated sediments. As for the constituents used to establish the guidelines, these are based on those that are of most concern in Taiwan and other countries. Based on a comparison of the results of the various analytical methods, both the constituents and their guideline values are selected for Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

sediment contamination ； quality guideline ； control strategy