純頓悟與假頓悟中文遠距聯想測驗之創造力解題歷程

The Creative Problem Solving Processes of Pure and Pseudo Insight Problems in Chinese Remote Association Test

陳學志(Hsueh-Chih Chen) ； 彭淑玲(Shu-Ling Peng) ； 吳清麟(Qing-Lin Wu)

《創造學刊》 2卷2期 (2011/06) Pp. 25-51

https://doi.org/10.30081/CESJ.201106.0002

摘要

本研究結合Mednick（1962）的連結論與Weisberg（1995）對頓悟性問題分類之觀點，利用中文字之破音字特性，將中文遠距聯想測驗進一步區分為一般字（NC）、刺激字含破音字（HS）與目標字為破音字（HT）三種，並假設此這三類題目分別對應於假、混合以及純頓悟問題。據此，本研究著手二個研究以考驗之。研究一考驗三類CRAT答題通過率及其與傳統頓悟問題之關係，結果指出NC之答題通過率高於HT，HS之答題通過率高於HT，但NC與HS兩者並無差異；而HT與傳統頓悟問題有顯著的正相關。研究二則探討題目類型與題目呈現時間在CRAT答題直覺上的效果，結果顯示NC是透過搜尋聯想歷程進行解題，其答題直覺有呈現直線趨勢的可能；HT必須進行讀音轉換之解題歷程，故答題直覺先降後升，呈現二次曲線的趨勢；而HS較傾向NC解題歷程，答題直覺亦呈現直線趨勢。綜言之，本研究結果支持多類CRAT問題的存在，且NC對應假頓悟問題，HT對應純頓悟問題，HS對應混合頓悟問題之解題能力。

關鍵字

中文遠距聯想問題 ； 破音字 ； 答題直覺 ； 頓悟性問題

並列摘要

Considering Mednick's (1962) association theory and the multi-facet assumption of insight problem proposed by Weisberg (1995), the present research was intended to probe the underlying mechanisms for responding to the Chinese Remote Association Test (CRAT). Three types of CRAT were constructed by arranging Chinese non-heteronymous characters (NH) taken as response, heteronymous characters (HS) taken as stimuli, and heteronymous characters (HT) taken as targets. The hypothesized pure, pseudo, and hybrid insight problem properties in the three types of CRAT with different consisting elements were explored in two consecutive studies. Study 1 investigated both the correct rate of the 3 types of CRAT and the correlation between the performance of the CRAT and conventional insight problem. The results of Study 1 revealed that there is a higher correct rate of NH than HT and of HS than HT. But no significant difference of correct rate was found while comparing NH and HS. A positive correlation only existed between the performance in HT and conventional insight problem. In Study 2, participants' intuitional judgments of correctly answering different types of CRAT under various amounts of exposure time were used to further examine the possible distinct insight problem mechanisms. It was found that (1) for the tests consisted of NH and HS, longer exposure time produced a rising, monotonic, optimistic intuition to solving the problems; and, (2) in contrast, the rising-to-falling intuition of positive responses towards HT tests showed a quadratic curve pattern as a function of exposure time. These two intuition patterns indicated a search-and-association process in supporting of solving tests with NH and HS but a more complicated process relying on phonological transformation needed for answering tests with HT. Based on the two studies, it is concluded that 4 manipulating compositions of Chinese characters could mobilize diverse problem solving processes in CRAT: problems with NH, HT, and HS require pseudo, pure, and hybrid insight problem mechanisms respectively.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Remote Association Test ； insight problem ； intuitional judgment