注意力如何影響創造力表現？探討注意力寬廣程度與創造力的關係及知識表徵的中介效果

How Does Attention Influence Creativity? Investigating the Relationship between Breadth of Attention and Creativity, and the Mediating Role of Knowledge Representation

楊倬睿(Jhuo-Ruei Yang) ； 林緯倫(Wei-Lun Lin) ； 周蔚倫(Wei-Lun Chou)

《創造學刊》 5卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 5-30

摘要

過去在創造力認知取向的研究中，少有研究探討注意力與創造力的關係；少數發現注意力寬廣程度與創造力有關的研究中，對注意力寬廣程度的定義與測量紛亂，亦未曾實徵探討注意力寬廣程度影響創造力的機制。本研究細分注意力寬廣程度的「範圍」與「數量」，探討其與創造力的關係，並以中介分析檢驗：注意力寬廣程度大，可增加訊息收錄量而改變知識表徵型態，進而促進創造力的可能機制。本研究收集61位大學生參與者的資料，採個別差異方法，分別以「有效視覺場域作業」以及「說數作業」測量參與者注意力的「範圍」與「數量」，以「詞彙判斷作業」測量知識表徵型態，並以「頓悟問題作業」評量創造力表現。結果顯示，高創造力者在注意力寬廣程度的「範圍」與「數量」指標上皆高於低創造力者，高創造力者並具有較廣、較平緩的知識表徵型態；中介分析結果顯示，注意力寬廣程度的「範圍」與「數量」指標分別透過知識表徵型態的完全與部分中介對創造力造成影響。本研究結果有助於釐清創造力的認知歷程與機制，可作為應用上的基礎，也引發可供未來研究的有趣議題。

關鍵字

注意力寬廣程度 ； 知識表徵 ； 創造力

並列摘要

In cognitive approach of creativity, few studies have investigated the relationship between attention and creativity. Some studies did discover that breadth of attention was positively related to creativity, but they used various measurements to depict the concept of breadth of attention. In addition, no study has inspected the mechanism on how breadth of attention could influence creativity. In this study, we distinguished the ”scope” and ”number” aspects of breadth of attention, and used mediation analysis to investigate whether breadth of attention influences creativity through the change of individuals' knowledge representation. We used individual difference approach and collected data from 61 university participants. We adopted ”useful field of view task” and ”enumeration task” to measure ”scope” and ”number” aspects of breadth of attention, ”lexical decision task” to measure patterns of knowledge representation, and ”insight problem task” to measure creativity. Our results showed that high creative individuals exhibited larger breadth of attention on both ”scope” and ”number” indices, and they exhibited flatter knowledge representation than low creative individuals. The mediation analyses revealed that both ”scope” and ”number” aspects of breadth of attention influenced creativity through the mediation of knowledge representation. These results help to clarify the cognitive processes and mechanisms of creativity, offer a foundation for creativity applications, and induce many interesting issues for further research.

並列關鍵字

breadth of attention ； knowledge representation ； creativity