創造心理彈性與情緒調節策略、心理困擾之相關：比較高雄氣爆後低心理受創與高心理受創民眾為例

The Relations among Creative Psychological Flexibility, Emotion Regulation, and Psychological Disturbances: Comparing Low Traumatized and High Traumatized People Affected by Kaohsiung Gas Explosions

謝碧玲(Bi-Ling Shieh) ； 黃意茜(Yi-Chien Huang) ； 劉威麟(Liu-Wei Lin) ； 李昆樺(Kun-Hua Lee) ； 吳相儀(Hsiang-Yi Wu) ； 陳正生(Cheng-Sheng Chen)

《創造學刊》 8卷1期 (2017/03) Pp. 65-77

摘要

經歷2014 年高雄氣爆，有民眾未能走出陰霾而產生心理疾病或困擾。研究顯示重大壓力事件後，個人是否罹患創傷後壓力症（PTSD）或憂鬱症，情緒調節是重要決定因子，對其深入瞭解有助預防或改善心理困擾。研究目的有二，一是檢視多項情緒調節策略與心理困擾的關係，完整探討情緒調節策略的運作；目的二，由情緒調節策略，初步探討心理彈性與心理疾病或困擾的關聯，強調正向特質或個人強項對情緒調節的正面影響。方法：487 位高雄氣爆受災民眾，填寫修訂版簡明因應策略量表、病患健康狀況問卷、及PTSD 症狀檢核量表；依PTSD 或憂鬱症症狀程度，分為低心理受創組與高心理受創組。結果與討論：相較於低心理受創組，高心理受創組較少使用情緒調節策略「發展新觀點」和「增加正向情緒」，較常使用「抑制」、「責怪」和「失能調節」。由「發展新觀點」含改變心向彈性，「增加正向情緒」有助創造力或心理彈性，及「責怪」含芻思，可見低心理受創組比高心理受創組有較高的心理彈性。結論與建議：五項具效度的情緒調節策略能區辨有無心理困擾，有利對情緒調節做整體性探討。再者，由於心理疾病或困擾與缺乏心理彈性有關，主張透過增加正向情緒或心理彈性，協助人們改善情緒調節，進而提升心理健康。

關鍵字

高雄氣爆 ； 創傷後壓力症 ； 憂鬱症 ； 情緒調節 ； 心理彈性 ； 創造力

並列摘要

After affected by the 2014 Kaohsiung gas explosions, some people might suffer from psychological disturbances. Research showed that after a major stressful event, emotion regulation was a critical factor deciding whether people develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression or not. Understanding its mechanisms is important for prevention or treatment of psychological illnesses. There were two objectives in this study: To examine relationships of a variety of emotion regulation strategies and psychological disturbances in order to understand emotion regulation strategies in a comprehensive manner. The other objective was to explore how psychological flexibility related to psychological disturbances, via examining different emotion regulation strategies, and to emphasize the possible positive effects of positive traits or personal strengths on emotion regulation. Methods: 487 people affected by Kaohsiung gas explosions filled out the revised Brief COPE inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9) and revised Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Participants were divided into Low traumatized and High traumatized groups by how serious their PTSD or depression symptoms were. Results: Compared to Low traumatized group, High traumatized group reported using less Developing New Perspectives, and Increasing Positive Emotions, and using more Damping, Blaming, and Dysfunctional Coping. The facts that Developing New Perspectives contains the flexibility to change mind set, Increase Positive emotions is helpful to improve creativity and psychological flexibility, and Blaming includes ruminations, indicated that Low traumatized group was with higher level of psychological flexibility than High traumatized group. Conclusions: There are five types of emotion regulation strategies valid to discriminate between people having psychological disturbances and people having none, and using these strategies may be conductive to investigate emotion regulation more fully. Based upon the relationship between psychological disturbance and lack of psychological flexibility, we suggest that by increasing positive emotions or psychological flexibility, people can improve their emotion regulations and promote their mental health.

並列關鍵字

Kaohsiung gas explosions ； post-traumatic stress disorder ； depression ； emotion regulation ； psychological flexibility ； creativity