意象訓練對游泳選手意象能力、身體焦慮與游泳表現之影響

Effect of Imagery Training on Swimmers' Imagery Ability, Somatic Anxiety, and Swimming Performance

劉軒宏(Syuan-Hong Liu) ； 卓國雄(Kuo-Hsiung Cho)

《臺灣體育學術研究》 69期 (2020/12) Pp. 83-101

https://doi.org/10.6590/TJSSR.202012_(69).06

摘要

目的：本研究目的係探究意象訓練介入對游泳選手意象能力、身體焦慮和游泳運動表現之影響效果。方法：以準實驗研究設計，採立意取樣以參加台中泳訓班之16名國高中游泳選手為對象，隨機分派為實驗組8名（含男生5名、女生3名）和控制組8名（含男生6名、女生2名）。實驗組選手須接受為期四週，每週四次，共十六次的意象訓練介入，控制組則無意象訓練介入。所有研究參與者皆需於意象訓練介入前後完成二次的意象能力、身體焦慮及主觀游泳運動表現測量，作為意象訓練介入之前後測成績。所得資料以單因子共變數分析，檢驗實驗組與控制組在後測成績上之差異情形。結果：意象訓練介入可有效提升實驗組選手的意象能力、降低身體焦慮程度及增進主觀游泳運動表現。結論：意象訓練為有效提高意象能力、降低身體焦慮及增進運動表現的心智訓練技巧，建議游泳教練可多安排意象訓練課程於平日訓練計畫中，能使選手熟練意象的心智技巧提高意象能力水準，並於訓練或比賽中適時發揮意象的心理能力改善運動表現。

關鍵字

意象訓練介入 ； 單因子共變數分析 ； 準實驗研究設計

並列摘要

Purpose: To explore the effect of imagery training intervention on swimmers' imagery ability, somatic anxiety, and swimming performance. Methods: Under a quasi-experimental research design, 16 middle school and high school swimmers who completed a swim training program in Taichung, Taiwan were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental group (five male and three female participants) or the control group (six male and two female participants). The experimental group received 16 imagery interventions four times a week for 4 weeks, whereas the control group received no interventions. All the participants underwent self-assessments on imagery ability, somatic anxiety, and self-rated swimming performance before and after the interventions. Analysis of covariance was performed to determine the between-group differences in the posttest results. Results: Imagery training effectively improved imagery ability, reduced somatic anxiety, and improved self-rated swimming performance. Conclusion: Imagery training is a mental training technique that effectively improves imagery ability, reduces somatic anxiety, and improves sports performance. Coaches should incorporate more imagery training sessions into weekday training to enable players to enhance their imagery ability and thereby improve their performance in training and competition.

並列關鍵字

imagery training intervention ； analysis of covariance ； quasi-experimental research design

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