扯鈴上下運鈴動作之技術分析

Biomechanical Analysis of pull up and down diabolo exercise

謝耀毅(Yao-Yi Hsieh) ； 陳昀宗(Yu-Tsung Chen) ； 黃長福(Chen-Fu Huang)

《休閒觀光與運動健康學報》 8卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 42-52

摘要

扯鈴運動為我國民俗體育的重要項目，兼具活動性與表演性的特質，其可提升身體活動能力、反應及動作協調。近年來國內選手在國外有優異的表現，但國內仍缺少相關扯鈴運動之教材及技術研究。然而，運鈴是扯鈴運動的基本技術，正確且有效率的運鈴有助於更高難度技術的學習。本研究目的針對基礎運鈴動作，探討熟練者與初學者上下運鈴的差異，以了解運鈴動作的機制，並提供教學與訓練之參考依據。方法：6名長期從事扯鈴運動的男性，及6名男性初學者參與實驗。要求參與者執行連續上下運鈴的動作，以10部Vicon高速攝影機（300Hz）收集運動學資料、Noraxon無線肌電儀器（1500Hz）收取上肢肌群（前三角肌、肱二頭肌、肱三頭肌、屈腕肌、伸腕肌）肌電訊號，並以獨立樣本t-test檢定進行分析。結果顯示，上下運鈴時，熟練者的扯鈴呈現較大的上下位移、垂直速度，上肢呈現較大的關節活動範圍；初學者的扯鈴會呈現較大的前後位移。熟練者上拉期呈現較大的最大肩、肘關節屈曲角度及伸腕角度，亦呈現較大的肘、腕關節角速度；下拉期呈現較小的最大肘關節屈曲角度及腕關節角速度。上拉期熟練者的肱二頭肌呈現較大的活化；初學者的肱三頭肌呈現較大的活化。下拉期初學者的前三角肌、三頭肌、伸腕肌呈現較大的活化。結論：執行上下運鈴動作時，上拉期呈現較短的時間，若增加上肢關節的活動範圍可能提升扯鈴的速度及動作的穩定度。上拉期主要是二頭肌、伸腕肌進行較多活化；下拉期主要是伸腕肌進行較多活化，拮抗肌過度的活化可能會限制運鈴的動作。

關鍵字

民俗體育 ； 運動學 ； 肌電圖

並列摘要

Diabolo exercise is one of folk sports that is important in Taiwan. The characteristics are including activity and performance. It could improve ability of physical activity, reaction and coordination. In the recent years, many Taiwan players create excellent performance in other country. It is still lack for biomechanical analysis of diabolo exercise technique. Pull up and down diabolo is the basic technique. It could be improve learning difficult techniques by correct and efficient pull up and down diabolo movement. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences between experts and novices performed pull up and down diabolo movement. Methods: six expert males and six novice males performed pull up and down diabolo movement with Vicon motion analysis system (10 cameras, 300Hz) and Noraxon EMG system (1500Hz) to collect the kinematic data and muscle activation. An independent t-test was used to test the kinematic and muscle activation variables differences between expert males and novice males. Results: The diabolo exhibited greater vertical displacement and velocity during the experts performed pull up and down diabolo movement. Experts exhibited greater ROM of upper extremity joint during pull up and down diabolo movement. The diabolo exhibited greater anterio-posterior displacement during the novices performed pull up and down diabolo movement. Experts exhibited greater peak shoulder flexion angle, peak elbow flexion angle, peak wrist extension angle, elbow angle velocity and wrist angle velocity during the pull-up phase. Experts exhibited smaller peak elbow flexion angle and greater wrist angle velocity during the pull-down phase. During the pull-up phase, experts exhibited greater biceps activation and novices exhibited greater triceps brachii activation. Novices exhibited greater anterior deltoid, triceps brachii and extensor carpi muscles activation during pull-down phase. Conclusions: Pull-up phase exhibited shorter time to perform pull up and down diabolo movement. It could be raised the speed of diabolo and stable movement ability by increase upper extremity joint ROM. It is mainly more biceps activation and extensor carpi muscles activation during pull-up phase. It is mainly more extensor carpi muscles activation during pull-down phase. It could be limited pull up and down diabolo movement by excessive antagonist muscle activation.

並列關鍵字

folk sport ； kinematics ； electromyography