探索迷途經驗－三鈴技術學習的反思

對運動員來說，運動技術學習沒有所謂的盡頭，只有不斷的突破精進，然而在突破的過程中，究竟存在著哪些奧妙之處，運動技術知識又是如何形成？本文透過敘說我無師自通學習新的扯鈴技術（三鈴）歷程，運用文字深描使經驗得以貼近真實再現，藉由敘說反思，詮釋出那些難以表述的技術突破關鍵，並再更深入的尋找技術知識的建構模式。文中發現，扯鈴選手那無師自通的學習突破模式，是藉由了解步驟關鍵、回到基本功中、掌握特性要領、補足自我缺陷，使之能夠對學習障礙各個擊破，漸漸掌握到技術操作要領。然而技術知識的形成，是透過明確知識與默會知識交互作用下建構而成，技術學習模式是藉由「感知的淬煉」、「步驟的優先性」、「整體與部分的融合」、「技術知識的體現」這四種步驟不斷循環一點一滴建構而成。技術要領的掌握並非是分開，是隨著選手面對狀況產生的關注，透過調整掌握到其他的要領，透過練習內化累積，慢慢建構起屬於自己的技術知識，選手之所以能夠憑藉自己學習突破，是因為突破了自己的學習盲點，了解自己為何如此做，使之能在學習中掌握到一些明確與不明確的訊息，在學習上少掉許多不必要的過程，快速的掌握到操作的要領。

關鍵字

扯鈴技術；運動學習；默會知識；技術知識

並列摘要

For an athlete, learning sports techniques is not the end but constant breakthrough. However, in the process of breakthrough what are the subtleties? How do sport techniques and knowledge form? The paper portrayed the experience of a player's self-studied new diabolo skills (Three Diabolos) through the narrative inquiry which is incorporated with text description to bring the experience closer to reality. The study also interpreted the breakthrough keys, though difficult to express, by narrative reflections with in-depth exploration on the specific construction model of technical knowledge of the player. Through this self-exploration, the player narrated his experience and constructed a self-taught learning breakthrough mode. It was based on the understanding step key points, back to the basic skills, grasping the characteristics essentials, making up the self-insufficient, making learning disabilities all broken up, and gradually mastering the technical operating essentials. Since technical knowledge is constructed by the interaction of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, the player's techniques were gained by ”perceived refining,” ”step priority,” ”integration of whole and partial,” and ”technical knowledge embodied,” and then built up a learning mode. The mastering of key guidelines was not separate but the focus of the player's attention. He controlled other guidelines through adjustment and practice; as well as slowly constructing his own technical knowledge through accumulation of internalization in practice. The reason for his own breakthrough in learning lied on the fact that he had broken through the blurry points in the technical learning; from which he understood the reason for doing it. The player has controlled some clear and unclear messages in the process, which saved many unnecessary processes for him and therefore rapidly grasped the keys to the technique-learning.