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A Study on the Construction of a Computer Simulation Model with Riding Comfort on Bicycle

自行車騎乘舒適性之電腦動態模型建立之研究

摘要


由於自行車主要是針對人們的騎乘而設計,因此自行車的設計除了車架本身結構的考量外,尚需考慮到騎乘者身體各部的尺寸的配合及舒適程度等人因工程相關要素。本研究除運用已建構之國內外人體騎姿尺寸資料庫外,更於不同座高條件下,擷取受測者腳部主要肌肉踩踏之動態肌電圖,及手部、軀幹之靜態、肌電圖;同時以Borg's尺度及SD尺度,分別詢問受測者手部、腳部、軀幹及臀部等相關部位及整體的舒適程度與負荷程度。據此探討騎乘舒適性、座高及身體各部位間之相關程度,進而推估其迴歸曲線,以求得自行車騎乘之最佳舒適範圍值。綜合前述生理反應及心理反應等數值資料,更可彙整建立成人體騎乘疲勞度評量及主觀舒適性評量資料庫,提供以Auto CAD電腦動畫方式進行人體騎姿之動態模擬之參照,據以求得較適座高及其與把手之相對位置,同時並修正相關操作介面為多層次下拉式,使更符合人性化之操控。經由上述結論所發展出來的電腦騎姿動態模型,將可提供自行車設計人員對發展中之自行車進行人因工程分析,以利設計師設計出最適合人體騎乘之自行車。本研究結果顯示1)隨著座位高度的降低,足部積分值有明顯的減少,整體舒適度亦呈現逐漸舒適的趨勢,惟座高過低時仍會有不舒適的主觀感受。2)隨著把手高度的降低,足部積分值有減少的趨勢。整體舒適程度亦呈現逐漸提升的越勢。3)透過電腦動態模擬程式,獲得最適座位高度,並推算出最適把手高度、腳部EMG積分總和及整體舒適性主觀評價推估值,提供自行車設計之參考。

並列摘要


Ergonomic consideration is an important consideration for a well-designed bicycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of seat height on the rider's physiological and psychological responses during riding. Riding comfort was assessed based on an electromyogram measurement from the lower limbs, upper limbs, hips, and trunk of the body. A questionnaire utilizing Borg's scale and SD scale were also used to determine riders', subjective opinions regarding riding comfort. The relationship between riding comfort and seat height was then established from the regression curve of the physiological and psychological responses with respect to the seat height. Using these regression curves, one can determine the optimum seat height for the comfortable riding posture. The results of this study can be used to develop a riding simulation model on a computer, which may benefit the manufacturers and the designers in the area of ergonomic bicycle design. The research using CAD systems looks for the standard parameters of bicycle construction to set up a computer-simulated riding model. After creating a data bank of riders', physiological and psychological responses, one can analyze the parameters of the comfortable riding model with computer simulation, including seat height and height of handlebars.The results of this research were listed below. (1) The iEMG of lower body decrease with seat heights significantly. The Borg's values of total comfort sensation decrease with seat heights also. (2) Both the iEMG of lower body and the Borg's values of total comfort sensation decrease with handle heights. (3) By using the comfortable riding model with computer simulation, we can catch the optimum seat heights, handle heights, the iEMG of lower body and the Borg's values of total comfort sensation. Those will benefit the design of bicycle. The computer simulation model established by this system will improve the development of ergonomic analysis of bicycles and help design more comfortable bicycle for riding.

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