《中華女子修身教科書》與民初女子教育

Female Conduct in Textbook on Moral Education for Chinese Women in the Early Republican China

侯勵英(Hau Lai Ying)

《人文中國學報》 24期 (2017/06) Pp. 407-450

摘要

在古代中國社會裏，不論出嫁前或出嫁後的女性最重要的事務不外乎是：一、操持家務和專心紡織；二、生兒育女和相夫教子，一生擔任著“賢妻良母”的角色。及至近代中國，出現“三千年未有之大變局”，西方觀念不斷傳入，女子教育受到關注，新式女學堂如雨後春筍般紛紛出現，女子的角色愈來愈顯得重要。加上，隨著西方先進出版技術的引入，傳統的印刷效果得以改良，此舉迅速地提高了出版的質量和數量。爲了配合新式學制，不少出版商紛紛編著多種專門爲女子而設的教材。本文欲以中華書局在1914年出版專爲高等小學課程而設的《中華女子修身教科書》（1－3册）爲例，欲透過它的内容，探討民國時期作爲形象塑造者的教科書如何教育女子，女子形象怎樣在官方的標準下而被“國家化”。希望藉此了解在近代社會生活中，女子如何游走於“家庭”與“社會”兩種角色之中，並闡釋近代中國女子教科書所發揮的功能和特性。

關鍵字

近代中國女學 ； 女子教科書 ； 修身教育 ； 女子角色

並列摘要

In the imperial China, women, no matter got married or not, were used to be educated as a model of ＂perfect wife and good mother＂. They were dedicated their whole life in (1) handling household and spinning duties, (2) assisting husbands and bearing children. But there was a dramatic change in the modern era, once western thoughts and knowledge were introduced into China, the right of women tended to be a great concern in society. Female education gained much attention. Higher rates of schools among women led to increase their role and status in the whole community. In addition, the western printing technology pushed the Chinese traditional printing industries to make innovation in terms of quality and quantity. In order to fit the new-style education system, modern female textbooks became the focus in the Chinese print culture. In 1914, Textbook on Moral Education for Chinese Women (volume 1-3) was published by Chung Hwa Book Company and was tailor-made to advanced primary school curriculum. This paper attempts at exploring how the textbook as image-maker under nationalization gives impacts on female daily practice. What are the appropriate female images-traditional, westernization or hybridization being created for the needs of new era? What are the female roles in family and society in the modern social life? All these concerns shed the light on the function and the meaning of textbook in Chinese female moral education.

並列關鍵字

female education in modern China ； female textbooks ； moral education ； female role