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特殊學校高職學生身體質量指數之探討:以台灣南、北兩所特殊學校為對象

A Study of Body Mass Index of Special School Students: Two Special School Students in Taiwan

摘要


教育部公布之台灣地區中小學學生體適能測驗結果,發現我國7-18歲學生體適能較日本、新加坡、中國大陸差,尤其是在身體質量指數方面,我國肥胖學童的比率逐漸上升,若能減少肥胖擁有良好的身體質量指數,方能擁有健康體適能,同樣地,對於身心障礙之特殊學生的身體質量指數方面,亦應投以相當關注。為了解我國身心障礙學生的身體質量指數現況及肥胖比例,本研究抽取北部與南部兩間特殊學校高職部學生(以下稱北特、南特),其障礙類別以中、重度乃至極重度智能障礙為主,部分為多重障礙,兩校合計239人(北校、南校分別為160、79人),學生之障礙類別以中、重度乃至極重度智能障礙為主,部分學生有多重障礙,年齡在15-20歲之間。統計方式為計算各BMI人數及百分比,並以卡方考驗之百分比同質性檢定各變項間之差異情形。結果發現:(一)整體而言,兩校學生之BMI值分佈,在「正常」範圍內比例約占40%,顯示仍有近60%學生之BMI值未能在正常範圍中。(二)兩校在「過輕」至「嚴重肥胖」等六種類別百分比分布頗為一致。(三)在「肥胖」學生比例方面,北特占20.6%,南特占22.8%,亦即兩校有二成以上的學生為肥胖,需予以重視。而兩校「肥胖」、「非肥胖」百分比例亦相當一致。(四)「女生肥胖」占21.3%,而「男生肥胖」占21.4%,男女肥胖學生之比例十分接近,且其卡方考驗之百分比同質性檢定顯示未達顯著差異,其比例相當一致。本研究期能由此一身體質量指數之肥胖現況,獲得身心障礙學生體適能現況之一隅,並期能提供未來身心障礙學生體適能相關研究參考。

關鍵字

適應體育 特殊教育 體適能

並列摘要


The ratio of obese students in Taiwan gradually increased during these years. The report of primary and secondary school students' physical fitness test announced by Taiwan's Ministry of Education indicated that students aged 7-18 were found having worse physical fitness, especially the body mass index (BMI) was higher, than Japan, Singapore and Mainland China. Like students without special needs, this concern should also be paid to ones with special needs. Since reducing obesity can improve BMI, then getting better healthy physical fitness, so it is important to access the BMI of students with special needs. Thus, this study selected two special schools in Taiwan (one northern and one southern), students were all having mild to severe mental retardation, some even had multiple retardations. A total 239 students' (160: 79, north and south respectively) BMI index were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Generally speaking, about 40 percent of two schools students' BMI classed as ”normal”, but there are still nearly 60% students failed in the ”normal” range. (2) The proportions of six students' BMI classifications between two schools were similar and showed no significant difference. (3) For ”Obesity” student ratio, north school was 20.6% where south was 22.8%, and the difference of ”obesity”. This high level of obesity should be concerned. ”Non-obesity” between two schools was not significant. (4) ”Obesity girls” was 21.3% where ”Obesity boys” was 21.4%, the ratio was very close and was quite consistent. This research try to find the obesity conditions of high school students in special school, and dedicate to further research to improve students' total physical fitness.

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