大專男子籃球選手三分線投籃動作之生物力學特性分析

Biomechanics Analysis for Three Point Shooting among College Basketball Players

陳錦偉(Chin-Wei Chen)

《大專體育學術專刊》 98年度 (2009/05) Pp. 601-609

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200905_98.0080

摘要

本研究目的在探討大專男子籃球選手三分線投籃動作之生物力學特性分析，了解三分線投籃動作，就投籃動作之生物力學特性所產生的變化來加以解釋。本實驗方法是使用高速攝影機及Kistler測力板來記錄5位大專男子籃球選手投籃過程，再以Simi Motion動作分析軟體、BioWare生物力學分析軟體來分析收集的資料，結果發現：一、運動學方面－球將離手時球速的加速度變化大，表示所受外力增加迅速。手腕加速度變化也很多，手肘的加速度較手腕的小，肩膀的加速度最小。因此，球受到手腕的影響最大。二、運動力學方面－我們可以發現5位受試者三分線投籃起跳時的前後、左右及上下作力相差不大，總作用力分別為：前後約為體重的0.2749倍、左右約為體重的0.1379倍及上下約為體重的2.1247倍。總體而言，投籃時，下肢必須承受超過本身體重兩倍的外力。所以，加強訓練下肢力量是必要的。三、生物力學特性分析。綜合一、二分析可知跳投時，下肢先與地板有交互作用，而後，此反作用力傳至身體軀幹，藉由肩膀的加速度表現出來。肩膀上升時，手部肌肉將手肘抬起。最後，球將離手，手腕再加速將球投出，完成投籃動作。

關鍵字

動力鏈 ； Simi Motion動作分析軟體 ； BioWare生物力學分析軟體

並列摘要

The purpose of this study aimed to investigate biomechanics characteristics, understand the movements of three-point shooting among college basketball players, and further explain changes of three-point shooting induced by biomechanics characteristics. This study used high-speed camera and Kistler force plate to record the three-point shooting processes among five college basketball players. Simi Motion analysis and BioWare biomechanics analysis software were used to analysis data. Results were: (1) In kinematics, ball speed acceleration increased significantly while releasing. Outside forces changed significantly. Also, speed changed the most in wrist, followed by elbow and shoulder. This result suggests wrist affects basketball shooting the most among the upper extremity. (2) In kinetics, results showed no difference between front and back, left and right, and up and down in force. Total force of front and back was about 0.27 times of body weight while left and right was about 0.14 and up and down was 2.12. This result suggests lower extremity needs to bear more than 2 times of body weight while shooting a basket. Therefore, weight training for lower extremity is necessary. (3) In biomechanics characteristics analysis, when perform a jump shot, lower extremity interacts with floor first. Then, counterforce transmits to trunk and exhibits through the acceleration of shoulder. When shoulder lifts, muscles raise the elbow. Finally, wrist accelerates to release basketball and finish basketball shooting.

並列關鍵字

kinetic chain ； Simi Motion analysis ； BioWare biomechanics analysis software