東海護漁爭端解決與海域劃界（二）

A Study on the Settlement of the Fishery Dispute and the Maritime Delimitation in the East China Sea (II)

陳荔彤(Robert Lih-Torng Chen)

《臺灣海洋法學報》 5卷1期 (2006/06) Pp. 1-58

https://doi.org/10.29881/TLSR.200606.0001

摘要

隨著國際海洋法公約生效及陸地資源的耗竭，人類開始瞭解海洋蘊含未來百年的藍色寶藏，也意識到它將是國家興盛的關鍵，誰掌握越多的範圍，就等同在國際競技場搶得一路領先的先機。因此，各沿海國家紛紛爭奪更廣闊的海域範圍，以冀求搶佔更多的海洋資源，甚至引發衝突亦在所不惜；而國際法制存在的價值，不僅在其具有邏輯的合理實踐為基礎，更在樹立一套可供遵循的遊戲規則，以作為解決問題的參考，維持穩定的國際秩序。最近臺灣鄰近海域的情勢，較往年更加複雜多變，隱藏著一觸即發的氛圍，例如大陸在與日本爭議的專屬經濟海域，建造油井平臺開採天然氣，導致東海海域一度呈現緊張，預判將成為近年的不穩定因素，有釀成進一步糾紛的可能；另外臺灣漁船在臺日專屬經濟區重疊海域，屢傳遭日本公務船干擾或查扣案件，甚至臺灣海岸巡防機關還傳出「寧可戰死、不要氣死」之議，將原就不平靜的漁業爭議檯面化，雖雙方仍進行漁權談判，但預期短期內仍無法有效改善，顯示東海之重疊水域問題嚴重，值得密切觀察。本文嘗試從國際法原則與實踐發展的角度出發，剖析大陸礁層劃界的法理原則，並以1969年北海大陸礁層劃界案為例，驗證國際法實踐的制度，另亦以聯合國海洋法公約為基礎，說明專屬經濟海域劃界應考量的因素，與面臨紛爭時的處置方案，最後，引證東海海域主權權利爭議之事實問題及其劃界的基本策略。期能提供為此海域護漁爭端的解決對策，以避免無謂的衝突或糾紛，增進東亞地區和諧，維護海域的有效利用與管理。

關鍵字

劃界 ； 大陸礁層 ； 專屬經濟海域 ； 東海

並列摘要

Following the taking effect of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the exhaustion of maritime resources, human begin to realize the future blue treasure existed in the ocean and acknowledge its crucial status for state's prosperity, which means that country with broader scope would acquire the first place in this international competition. Hence coastal states rushed to occupy wider maritime spaces hoping to grasp more oceanic resources, even provoking conflicts. Whereas the existing value of international law is not only the logically practice as its base, but also establishes rules to follow. It has become a reference for problem shooting to maintain a stable international order.Recently the circumstance of Taiwan's neighboring waters is more complexly changeable than that in past years hidden with risk going dangerous. Mainland China built an oil-drilling platform in the disputatious Exclusive Economic Zone overlapped with Japan, which intensified East Sea's situation and was predicted to become an unstable factor and the further disputable possibilities. In addition, some Taiwan's fishing boats were disturbed or seized by Japan's official vessels in Taiwan-Japan overlapped Exclusive Economic Zone. The appeal of ”rather combat, nor be blame” from Taiwan's Coast Guard worsen the fishery disputes between this two states. Although the fishery talk keeps going, the circumstance wouldn't be effectively improved in short time. That demonstrates the seriously overlapped waters problems in East Sea and deserves to be closely watched.This essay attempts to analysis the legal principle of Continental Shelf delimitation from the aspects of international law principles and practice development and takes North Sea Continental Shelf delimitation Case in 1969 as example to verify the system of international law practice. Furthermore, it takes United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as base to illustrate the factors for Continental Shelf delimitation and dealing proposals while facing conflicts. At last I verify the truthful problems on East Sea's sovereignty right dispute and the basic strategies for delimitation. Hope to contribute solutions of fishery protection disputes happened in these waters to avoid senseless conflicts, enhance the Eastern Asia's regional harmony and maintain the better usage and management.

並列關鍵字

delimitation ； Continental Shelf ； Exclusive Economic Zone ； East China Sea

參考文獻

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馬英九()。