綠帶植物對窯業廢氣之抵抗性試驗

An Experiment on the Resistance of Green Belt Plants to the Waste Gas Emitted from Brickfactories

謝慶芳(C. F. Hsieh) ； 林景和(C. H. Lin) ； 徐國男(K. N. Hsu)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 30期 (1991/03) Pp. 53-69

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199103.0053

摘要

本試驗是在花壇鄉磚廠集中地區長期遭受磚廠廢氣污染之微酸性壤質粘板岩老沖積土水田舉行。試驗田位於磚廠區之南方，所以冬季之污染情形較為嚴重。本地區之主要空氣污染物有氟化物、硫氧化物（SOx）、煙灰，並可能有一些氮氧化物（NOx）等。氟化物為本地區為害作物之主要空氣污染物，其主要為害時期是在一月至三月間，空氣中之氟化氫濃度約在3～6 ppb之間，但四月至十月間濃度約在1～2 ppb之間，也可使一些 敏感性植物產生明顯之受害症狀，表示在長期連續污染之情況下，空氣中1～2 ppb氟化氫仍可對一些作物發生傷害作用。由於氟化物在植物葉片中有累積性，所以下葉之含量多數較上葉高出很多，受害症狀也較為嚴重。二氧化硫（SO2）為本地區之第二重要空氣污染物，其最高濃度出現在一月至四月間，平均約達到100 ppb左右，試驗植物雖未產生明顯之可視性傷害，但植物葉片中之化學性已經發生明顯之變化，因其可溶性硫酸離子濃度已經急速上升至2%以上，陰離子總和也急速增加至鹽基性元素總和之60%以上，所以可以說空氣中二氧化硫濃度100 ppb，植物葉片中之可溶性硫酸離子達到2%以上，陰離子總和達到鹽基性元素總和之60%以上為本地區空氣明顯遭受污染之信號。各試驗植物對氟化物之抵抗性差異很大。槭樹和楓樹屬於抗氟性極弱之植物；橄欖、茄苳和香蕉屬於抗氟性弱之植物；木麻黃、聖柳、大葉桉、菩提樹和樟樹等屬於抗氟性中等之植物；榕樹、印度橡膠樹、夾竹桃、構樹、蓖麻等屬於抗氟性強之植物。

關鍵字

空氣污染 ； 氟化物 ； 二氧化硫 ； 綠帶植物 ； 抵抗性植物 ； 敏感性植物

並列摘要

This experiment was conducted in a slightly acid and loamy slate old alluvial paddy soil. The experiment plot was adjacent to the southern part of a collected area of about 45 brickfactories. Therefore air pollution on the experiment area was more serious in the winter season than in the summer season. The main air pollutants in this area are fluorides, sulfur oxides (SOx), fly ashes, and possibly nitrogen oxides (NOx).Fluorides is the main air pollutant that is harmful to the crops in this area. The most harmful stage of the fluorides was from January to March, during which 3~6 ppb of hydrogen fluoride (HF) was appearing stably in the air. However some sensitive plants also showed the symptoms of fluoride injuries during April to October when the concentration of hydrogen fluoride (HF) was 1~2 ppb in the air. This suggested that under the long sustaining period of pollution, even 1~2 ppb of hydrogen fluoride is harmful to some crops. As fluorides are accumulative in the plant leaves, generally the lower leaves of the plants have much higher fluorine than upper leaves do and their symptoms are also more severe.The second important air pollutant is sulfur dioxide (SO2). The highest concentration of sulfur dioxide with an average of about 100 ppb appeared in the period of January to April. Although no visible symptom had been found in all experiment plants, however the chemical properties in the leaves had already showed substantial changes, because the soluble SO4-2 in the leaves of all plants increased rapidly to more than 2%, and the total anions increased rapidly to more than 60% of the total basic elements. This suggested that appearance of over 100 ppb SO2 in the air, greater than 2% of soluble SO4-2 in the leaves, and total anions exceeding 60% of total basic elements in the leaves is a signal of significant pollution of sulfur oxides in the air in this area.The resistance of plants to fluorides differed greatly with plants. Acer trifidum and Liquidambar formosana (maple) may be classified as the most weak plants to fluorides; Canarium album, Bischofia javanica, and banana as the weak plants; Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamarix. Eucalyptus, Ficus religiosa, and Cinnamomum camphora as the medium resistant plants; Ficus microcarpa, Ficus elastica, Nerium oleander, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Ricinus communis (castor-bean plant) as the resistant plants.

並列關鍵字

air pollution ； fluorides ； sulfur dioxide ； green belt plants ； tolerant plants ； sensitive plants