不同海拔及結果枝形質對枇杷生育與品質之影響

The Influence of Altitude and Shoot Characteristics on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)

張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang) ； 林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 43期 (1994/06) Pp. 41-47

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199406.0041

摘要

本試驗針對各海拔高度枇杷園之結果枝形質對花芽形成時期、開花情形、果實肥大與品質之影響進行調查，俾便配合各產區之田間資料擬定各產區之生育調節基準。結果枝葉片數為影響花芽形成期之主要因素，低海拔產區植株之新梢生長量較大、葉片數較多；高海拔地區氣溫較低，新梢生長量較小。生長勢弱之枝條停心期早且較早形成花芽，結果枝葉片數愈多花芽形成期愈晚。枇杷之花芽形成期在不同海拔與各年度間有很大的變化，1992年上半年在自然抑制生長下，花芽提早於6月下旬形成，在高海拔之二櫃地區即有18.2%，低海拔之太平鄉亦有1.3%之花芽形成率；1993年多雨，花芽形成期較晚，在8月上旬之花芽形成率二櫃為1.5%，太平到9月上旬只有9.0%。海拔較高地區之枇杷因溫差大而且花芽形成較早，開花期有提早情形。不同海拔之果實以產期愈早者果粒愈小、糖度愈低；3月以後為正常產期，果粒大、糖度高；2月下旬之粒重為26.9～32.0 g，糖度為7.8～8.5°Brix；3月下旬之粒重為32.5～39.4 g，糖度為9.2～10.8°Brix。果粒大小及糖度受結果枝葉片數之影響，但不同海拔產區間無明顯差異；以葉片數愈多者粒重及糖度愈高。葉片數在8葉以下者平均果粒重為29.3～31.4 g，糖度為7.0～8.1°Brix；19葉以上者平均果粒重為36.1～38.7 g，糖度10.3～10.8°Brix。

關鍵字

枇杷 ； 結果枝 ； 花芽形成 ； 開花 ； 果實生長 ； 果實品質

並列摘要

This experiment was conducted from 1991 to 1993 to study the influence of different altitudes and shoot characteristics on the flower bud formation, flowering, fruit growth and quality of loquat in Taiwan. The time of flower bud formation was affected by the number of leaf on the fruiting shoot. The shoot growth and leaf number of the plants at low altitude were larger. In contrast, those of the plants grown at high altitude were less due to the low temperature. The weak shoots ceased elongation and formed flower buds earlier, while the flower bud formation on those shoots with more leaves were postponed. The time of flower bud formation were fluctuated at different altitudes in different years. A natural inhibitive effect, caused by the drought weather before June, promoted the flower bud formation at late June in 1992. The rate of flower bud formation at higher altitude of Erhkuei was 18.2%. The respective value was only 1.3% at low altitude of Taiping. In 1993, the flower bud formation was delayed due to the rainy weather which resulted in a low rate of flower bud formation of only 1.5% on early August at Erhkuei, and merely 9.0% until early September at Taiping. Due to the difference of day and night temperature at higher altitudes, the flower buds were formed earlier, and the flowering time was also advanced. The early harvested fruits were smaller with less sugar contents regardless wherever they were collected. The normal harvesting season began from March, fruits were large and sweet by the time. The weight and total soulble solids of fruits which harvested earlier at late February were 26.9~32.0g and 7.8~8.5°Brix only, whereas those harvested at late March were 32.5~39.4g and 9.2~10.8°Brix. Fruit size and sugar content were increased with the increase of leaf number on the fruiting shoot. However, there was no significant difference among different altitudes. Shoots with leaf number less than 8 bore fruits of 29.3~31.4g each and 7.0~8.1°Brix, whereas those with 19 leaves or more bore fruits of 36.1~38.7g and 10.3~10.8°Brix.

並列關鍵字

loquat ； Eriobotrya japonica ； fruiting shoot ； flower bud formation ； flowering ； fruit growth ； fruit quality