不同鉀、鈣濃度對養液栽培胡瓜果實發育之影響

Effect of P:K Ratio on Fruit Development of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Nutrient Culture

蔡正宏(Jeng-Hong Tsai) ； 李文汕(Wen-Shann Lee)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 119期 (2013/06) Pp. 65-75

摘要

本試驗以山崎胡瓜養液配方為基礎，進行胡瓜之栽培試驗藉以探討養液中鉀與鈣濃度對胡瓜果實之影響，並觀察鉀鈣之間的相互作用。分析結果顯示，將養液鉀濃度由235 mg/L提高至270 mg/L（T1）與350 mg/L（T2）可以顯著使水分與乾物質迅速轉移果實，不僅增加果徑、果實鮮重與乾物重，果實中之可溶性固形物、維生素C與澱粉累積也都有明顯的提升。果實內陽離子間有拮抗現象產生，並未產生果實生理病害。依貯藏試驗中測得之葉綠素螢光參數，明顯發現9℃與3℃的環境下，T1與T2處理之果實耐寒害能力較對照組強，可以使細胞膜的完整性保持在較佳的狀態。而鉀350 mg/L與鈣205 mg/L（T3）之處理EC值較高，果實較小且水分含量少，乾物質與內容物多，果實硬度高，櫥架壽命有較佳的表現。因此4種處理中以T2處理（鉀350 mg/L）所得結果最佳，且顯著優於對照組，T1處理（鉀270 mg/L）在許多測定項目中也有顯著提升，但表現結果不如T2處理顯著，T3處理中產生較明顯的陽離子競爭現象，使植體中鉀與鎂含量降低，並使介質EC値提升，植株生育及果實重量、品質都不如T1與T2處理。因此，本試驗鉀濃度提高至270 mg/L及350 mg/L，可達促進植體生長，並增加果實產量與品質之目的。

關鍵字

拮抗 ； 葉綠素螢光 ； 可溶性固形物 ； 山崎養液 ； 鉀 ； 鈣 ； 貯藏

並列摘要

The study is to evaluate the effects of different concentration of potassium/ calcium on fruit quality of cucumber grown in nutrient medium. Results indicated that the potassium concernation was supplied with 270 mg/L (T1) and 350 mg/L (T2) in Shan-Chi solution had significant efforts on increasing nutrient content, water content, fruit diameter, fruit dry and fresh weight in cucumber. It also significantly improved fruit soluble solids, vitamin C and starch accumulation. The antagonistic effect among cation ion found in this test, but caused no efforts on fruit physiological disorders. Based on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters measures in the cold storage experiment, both of T1 and T2 treatments found to the better cold resistance capacity than control one. It is postulated that the osmosis adjustment of cells by the potassium supplement treatment may led to the increase of water retention capability, and subsequently to the decrease of membrane disruption which caused by chilling injury. The electrical conductivity of T3 treatment (350 mg/l potassium and 205 mg/l calcium) was higher that had better performance in the storage experiment but the fruit was smaller and less water content. In conclusion, the potassium application at 270 mg/l (T1) or 350 mg/l (T2) in the nutrition solution had dramatic effects not only on the increase of nitrogen and potassium contents in cucumber but also on the quality of fruit. Especially at the highest content of 350 mg/l (T2) of potassium in nutrition solution.

並列關鍵字

antagonistic ； chlorophyll fluorescece ； soluble solids ； Shan-Chi solution ； potassium ； calcium ； storage