利用微噴霧處理改善葡萄‘巨峰’著果之研究

Study on Improving Fruit Set by Using Micro-spray Treatment on 'Kyoho' Grape

葉文彬(Wen-Pin Yeh)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 143期 (2019/06) Pp. 61-74

摘要

溫度及濕度為影響葡萄開花著果的關鍵氣象條件。試驗於2017及2018年葡萄生產季進行，目的為葡萄‘巨峰’花穗發育至開花著果期間，園區以微噴霧系統處理，探討溫度、濕度及細胞分裂素對葡萄開花著果的影響。試驗結果顯示2017年葡萄夏果開花期平均日溫為27.4°C，微噴霧及結合0.2ppm細胞分裂素處理對提高著果具顯著效果，相較對照組分別可提高3.4%及2.2%；2018年則處理間無差異。冬果生產方面，二個生產季的著果率無差異，但微噴霧及結合0.2ppm細胞分裂素處理，在降低無子果比例有顯著效果，相較於對照組可減少50%以上，單獨0.2ppm細胞分裂素處理，同樣可減少16.3～34.0%。植體養分澱粉處理間無差異，對照組結果枝及葉片全可溶性糖含量顯著較噴霧處理組高。此外，隨溫度增加並延長處理時間，葡萄花粉粒發芽及花粉管伸長明顯降低。由試驗結果顯示，葡萄‘巨峰’夏果開花期利用微噴霧處理具有改善著果之效果，冬期果則顯著降低無子果比例。

關鍵字

葡萄 ； 著果 ； 高溫 ； 微噴霧 ； 無子果

並列摘要

Temperature and humidity are the key climatic factors during flowering and fruit set of grape. The aim of the study was to set up micro-spray system to change vineyard microclimate conditions from blooming to fruit set period of 'Kyoho' grape, to investigate the effect of temperature, humidity and cytokinin on fruit set. The study was carried out in the grape production season in 2017 and 2018. Result showed that the average daily temperature during summer grape was 27.4 °C in 2017, treatment with micro-spray alone or combined 0.2 ppm cytokinin improved fruit set significant by 3.4% and 2.2% than control, respectively. The difference between treatments was significant in 2018. On winter fruit, the difference in fruit set of two production seasons between treatment was significant. Micro-spray and combining with 0.2 ppm cytokinin treatment showed a significant effect on reducing the ratio of shot berries, by more than 50%, and was also reduced by 16.3~34% with 0.2 ppm cytokinin treatment alone. There was no difference on starch content between treatments. Total soluble sugar content in the bearing shoot and leaves of the control group was significantly higher than that in the spray treatment. In addition, with increased temperature and prolonging the treatment time, grape pollen germination and pollen tube elongation decreased significantly. The results of the study showed that the grape 'Kyoho' summer fruit treated with micro-spray at the flowering period could improve the fruit set, while the proportion of shot berries in winter fruit was reduced significantly.

並列關鍵字

grape ； fruit set ； high temperature ； micro-spray ； shot berry