葉面肥對大花蕙蘭母株生長及切花品質之影響

Effects of Different Foliar Fertilizers on the Growth and Cut Flower Quality of Cymbidium Mother's Plant

藍玄錦(Hsuan-Chin Lan) ； 王茗慧(Ming-Hui Wang) ； 陳俊位(Chein-Wei Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 151期 (2021/06) Pp. 13-26

摘要

蕙蘭屬Cymbidium spp.依其生長習性、植株及花朵形態，可分為大花及小花蕙蘭。大花蕙蘭又稱「虎頭蘭」或「東亞蘭」，屬熱帶與亞熱帶高原多年生蘭科植物。大花蕙蘭切花生產周曆為3－5年汰換一次切花母盆，於不換盆之情況下，母株之根系生長會受到限制，影響養分吸收。本試驗初步探討微生物液肥與即溶式化學肥以葉面施肥供給，是否有助於提升切花品質、產量以及後續瓶插壽命之提升，以提供生產者栽培參考依據。以‘快樂天使’試驗結果顯示，新生芽數、葉長、花莖數以即溶式化學肥料肥處理之芽體2.9個、葉長93.5 cm及花莖數4.3支最佳，顯著高於對照組之2.0個芽、80.1 cm、3.1支，但與微生物液肥處理之2.4芽、92.6 cm及3.9支無顯著差異；花梗長度以即溶式化學肥料肥處理之98.4 cm最長，顯著長於對照處理之89.7及微生物液肥處理之91.2 cm；每支花莖之花朵數以微生物液肥之15.2朵／支，顯著多於對照組之12.9／支；單支切花鮮重比較上，微生物液肥與即溶化學肥料肥處理分別為164.7 g、169.8 g，兩處理皆顯著較對照組之147.8 g重；切花中之元素分析結果，微生物液肥與即溶化學肥料肥處理之鉀含量分別為1.67及1.76%最高，兩者皆顯著高於對照組之1.48%；瓶插結果顯示3處理間除花莖黃化率達50%之日數有差異外，其餘皆無顯著差異，其可能與鉀離子累積之濃度有關。若進行切花生產時，欲兼顧切花產量、品質以及消費者購買後能維持更長之觀賞期，應可就葉面施肥之種類、濃度以施用時間等進行深入探討，以達到生產端及消費端兩者雙贏的局面。

關鍵字

大花蕙蘭 ； 葉面施肥 ； 切花

並列摘要

Cymbidium can be divided into large-flowered and small-flowered Cymbidium according to its growth habit, plant and flower morphology. Cymbidium, also known as ＂Hutou Lan＂ or ＂East Asian Orchid＂, belongs to the tropical and subtropical plateau perennial orchids. The calendar of Cymbidium Cut flowers production are produced without changing pots. Every cut flower pot is replaced every 3-5 years. In the case of changing pots, the root growth of the mother plant will be restricted, which will affect nutrient absorption. This experiment preliminarily explores whether the foliar application of microbial liquid fertilizer and instant chemical fertilizer can help improve the quality, yield and vase life of cut flowers, so as to provide producers with a reference for cultivation. The test results showed that the 'Happy Angel''s number of new buds, leaf length, flower stalks is 2.9 buds, 93.5 cm and 4.3 of treated with instant chemical fertilizer was the best, which was significantly higher than the control (2.9 buds, 80.1 cm and 3.1 stalks), but there is no significant difference from 2.4 buds, 92.6 cm and 3.9 shoots treated with microbial liquid fertilizer. The length of the flower stalk is the longest 98.4cm of the instant chemical fertilizer treatment, which is significantly longer than the 89.7 and 91.2cm of other treatments. The number of flowers per flower stalk was 15.2 flowers/branch of the microbial liquid fertilizer was significantly more than 12.9/branch of the control. Compared with the fresh weight of single cut flowers, the microbial liquid fertilizer and instant chemical fertilizer treatments were 164.7 g and 169.8 g, respectively, and the two treatments were significantly heavier than the control's 147.8 g. The elemental analysis results of cut flowers showed that the potassium content of liquid microbial fertilizer and instant chemical fertilizer treatment was 1.67 and 1.76% respectively, and both were significantly higher than the 1.48% of the control. Vase results showed that there was no significant difference among the three treatments except for the number of days when the stem yellowing rate reached 50%. It may be related to the accumulated concentration of potassium ions. If you want to take into account the output and quality of cut flowers and the longer viewing period after the consumer purchases them, you should be able to conduct in-depth discussions on the types, concentration and application time of foliar fertilization, so as to reach the production and consumption win-win situation for both.

並列關鍵字

Cymbidium ； Foliar fertilization ； Cut Flower