義大利蜂授粉技術運用於網室苦瓜生產之研究

Application of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Pollination on Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Production in Plastic House

林孟均(Meng-Jin Lin) ； 吳輝虎(Huei-Hu Wu) ； 盧美君(Mei-Chun Lu)

《苗栗區農業改良場研究彙報》 3期 (2013/06) Pp. 43-54

摘要

本試驗苦瓜利用網室栽培，評估設施内利用義大利蜂取代人工授粉的可行性。結果顯示，義大利蜂訪花高峰時間爲8〜10時，與苦瓜柱頭接受期8〜9時相符，使著果率可達73.3〜81.1％。以TS-A1、TS-A2及TS-A3等3品系爲母系‘日寶’品種爲父系，在網室内利用義大利蜂授粉，調查雜交苦瓜果實性狀，其中以TS-A1爲母本的後代，果皮呈白色、果重高、生長天數短、無畸形果及畸形種子發生，因此TS-A1 x　‘日寶’爲3者中最佳的親本組合。3個不同品系的苦瓜以義大利蜂及人工授粉，比較同品系間，果重、果幅、果長、落果率、畸果率、果實成熟天數、種子數、百粒重、畸形種子率、發芽率等苦瓜品質皆無顯著性差異，考量成本效益，推測以義大利蜂取代人工授粉具有可行性。

關鍵字

苦瓜 ； 蜜蜂 ； 授粉

並列摘要

This study investigated the practicality of honeybee pollination on bitter gourds. The fruit set percentage of bitter grounds ranging from 73.3% to 81.1% was largely dependent on the time overlap between the peak hours of the flower stigma receptivity (8 a.m. to 9 a.m.) and that of the honeybee flower-foraging activities (8 a.m. to 10 a.m.). Three bitter gourd varieties: TS-A1, TS-A2 and TS-A3, were hybridized as female parents with ”R-Bau” as male parent. The offspring plants inherited from TS-A1 showed the desired characteristics such as the white-skinned appearance, the heavier fruit weight, the shortest fruit-growing period, zero irregular-fruit and deformed-seed rates. Therefore, the best parent combination would be TSA1 x ”R-Bau”. All three bitter gourd varieties were tested on their fruit weight, length, width, fruit-dropping rates, irregular-fruit-rates, fruit-ripening periods, seed amounts, 100-seed weight, deformed seed rates, germination rates by both pollination methods. However, there is no significant difference between bee-pollinated and hand-pollinated treatments. In consideration of cost effectiveness, the experiment results verified the feasibility of substituting bee pollination for artificial pollination in the near future.

並列關鍵字

bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) ； honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) ； pollination