基徵草蛉捕食不同害蟲之效益評估

基徵草蛉Mallada basalis為臺灣原生的捕食性天敵，可捕食蚜蟲、葉蟎及粉蝨等小型害蟲。為評估基徵草蛉取食不同害蟲對其生長發育的影響，本研究以棉蚜（Aphis gossypii）、偽菜蚜（Lipaphis erysimi）及二點葉蟎（Tetranychus urticae）作為食餌餵食基徵草蛉，並以替代食餌外米綴蛾（Corcyra cephalonica）卵作為對照組，評估基徵草蛉幼蟲捕食蚜蟲及葉蟎，對其生長發育、化蛹率及羽化率的影響。結果顯示，基徵草蛉幼蟲捕食棉蚜、偽菜蚜與外米綴蛾卵羽化率均可高達90～100%；但若以二點葉蟎為食餌，幼蟲發育遲緩僅20%可化蛹，均無法成功羽化。在捕食量方面，基徵草蛉幼蟲隨著齡期的增長捕食量增加，在三齡時期達到高峰，整個幼蟲期平均可捕食364.6隻棉蚜、179.2隻偽菜蚜或680.0隻二點葉蟎，對照組外米綴蛾卵則可取食4,147.1顆，本研究結果可做為基徵草蛉田間應用及釋放量的參考。

關鍵字

基徵草蛉；捕食量；棉蚜；偽菜蚜；二點葉蟎

並列摘要

Lacewing (Mallada basalis) is a generalist predator, widely-distributed in Taiwan. They preferred to prey on aphid (Aphis spp.), spider mite (Tetranychus spp.) as well as whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii). In order to study the prey performance and capacity of lacewing on three different pests, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), and two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), were fed to lacewing larva and the growth and development of lacewing, predation capacity (including foraging amount, mean daily predation, and mean cumulative predation) were evaluated under laboratory condition. Moreover, lacewing fed on eggs of rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica), an alternative diet, was performed as control treatment. Lacewing fed on two aphids was performed 90-100% pupation, however, two spotted spider mite diet showed a developmental retardation and high mortality during larva stage, only 20% of larva survival and no individual emerged to the adult stage. The accumulative prey capacity per larva was 364.6 for cotton aphid, 179.2 for mustard aphid, and 680, for two spotted spider mite. The mean daily and cumulative predation of lacewing showed variation upon different preys and reached the maximum at 3^(rd) instar, however, longer predation duration of the two spotted spider mite was observed. The prey capacity of lacewing in this study might provide the information for augmentative biocontrol of lacewing in the field.

並列關鍵字

Mallada basalis ； predatory capacity ； Aphis gossypii ； Lipaphis erysimi ； Tetranychus urticae

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