不同溫度對以柞蠶（鱗翅目：天蠶蛾科）卵為替代寄主之平腹小蜂（膜翅目：旋小蜂科）寄生能力之影響

荔枝椿象（Tessaratoma papillosa）為臺灣嚴重危害無患子科的入侵害蟲，天敵昆蟲平腹小蜂（Anastatus japonicus）為荔枝椿象產卵期田間常見的本土性卵寄生蜂。本研究探討平腹小蜂以柞蠶（Antheraea pernyi）卵為替代寄主，在15、20、25、30、35°C等5個溫度下的壽命及寄生能力。結果顯示平腹小蜂在15°C時壽命最長，雌蜂25°C及20°C時可產下最多子代數以及子代雌蟲數，分別為562.9±42.0、523.6±34.9隻子代，其中子代雌蟲數為204.2±18.2、331.1±23.9隻，而在15及35°C環境下則不利其寄生。於雌蜂數最高的20°C環境下，產卵高峰為第2～6週，可持續寄生至第6週且子代雌蜂比率維持在60%以上。本研究結果提供以柞蠶卵為替代寄主時之最佳飼養溫度條件之參考，可供未來在不同溫度下量產調節及田間釋放作業之參考，使荔枝椿象生物防治更有成效。

關鍵字

荔枝椿象；替代寄主；柞蠶卵；平腹小蜂；溫度

並列摘要

The litchi stink bug Tessaratoma papillosa is an invasive insect pest that destroys Sapindaceae plants in recent years. In Taiwan, Anastatus japonicus is co mmon native egg parasitoid of the litchi stink bug. In this study, we investigated the adult longevity, number of progeny, female ratio, and number of progeny per week at five different temperatures using Antheraea pernyi eggs as alternative host. The results showed that the highest total numbers of progenies were 562.9 ± 42.0 and 523.6 ± 34.9 at 25°C and 20°C, respectively, with 204.2 ± 18.2 and 331.1 ± 23.9 female progenies, while the extreme temperatures of 15 and 35°C were not favorable for parasitism. The peak production at 20°C was between the 2nd and 6th week, in which the parasitism can continue until the 6th week and the percentage of female ratio remains above 60%. The results of this study provide a reference for the optimal temperature conditions for mass rearing of Ana. japonicus using Ana. pernyi as an alternative host, and can also be a reference for field release at different temperatures to obtain a better biological control of the litchi stink bug.

並列關鍵字

litchi stink bug ； alternative host ； Antheraea pernyi ； Anastatus japonicus ； temperature

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