葡萄園田間蟲害管理技術探討

The Management of Insects and Other Animal Pests on Grapevine in Tawian

章加寶(Chia-Pao Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 14號 (1988/12) Pp. 117-124

摘要

葡萄為台灣重要果樹之一，害蟲及有害動物種繁多，本報告將目前在田間可發現之種類，包括害蟲22種（分屬於13科，5目）、蟎類4種、腹足類1類及鳥類4種加以記述。常見種類之發生危害期，咖啡木蠹蛾幼蟲以6~7月及10~11月，小白紋毒蛾在4~5月，台灣黃毒蛾、下紅天蛾及赤腳青銅金龜在6~7月，扁蝸牛在5~9月為其危害盛期。其他種類如斜紋夜盜、擬尺蠖等族群密度較低，危害較不嚴重。在防治方面如咖啡木蠹蛾可釐訂防治適期在第一羽化期（4~6月）及第二羽化期（8~10月），兼可防治其他同時發生的台灣黃毒蛾、小白紋毒蛾、下紅天蛾、擬尺蠖、斜紋夜盜等。應不斷的改進栽培技術，以減少葡萄害蟲之發生，殘株、廢園應妥善處理，勿任意棄置，並加強蟲害共同防治工作及尋求其他防治新技術。

並列摘要

The grape is one of the important fruit tress in central Taiwan. 22 species of insect pests (13 families, 5 orders), 4 species of spider mites, 1 species of snail and 4 species of birds have been listed as the pests of grape from the survey. The results showed that the seasonal occurrence of the major pests such as ”Zeuzera coffeae” Nietner larvae appeared all the year round with the higher population density from June to July and from October to November, whereas ”Notolophus australis posticus” Walker from April to May, ”Porthesia taiwana Shiraki”, ”Theretra alecto” L, and ”Anomala cupripes” Hope from June to July, and ”Bradybaena similaris” Ferussac from May to September. The other pests such as ”Spodoptera litura” Fab., and ”Trichoplusia ni” are negligible due to their population density are too low. Applications of insecticide from April to June during the bud break period of 1st generation adult and from August to October during the bud break period of 2nd generation adults, resulted in the most effective control of ”Zeuzera coffeae” and have the highest economic profit. Improvement of cultural technique may decrease the occurrence of insect pests which may have favorable effect on their control. Discarded plant parts and abandoned field which may become the sources of infestation must be carefully taken care of. Strengthening of cooperative pest control program and searching for new control measures will eventually ensure overcoming of the difficulties encountered in the field.