改善目前的葡萄整枝與修剪技術

Improving the Present Techniques of Training and Pruning in Grapevine

林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 14號 (1988/12) Pp. 173-188

摘要

整枝為確立葡萄基本樹型架構，並維持其生理機能的生活範圍。種植行株距過大時樹冠無法相對擴展，浪費棚面空間，不合栽培的經濟原則；密植栽培時樹體無法適當地擴展空間，結果期因棚面枝葉重疊，葉片光合作用能力低，影響著果及果實品質。葡萄樹冠之擴展性因名品種之遺傳特性而異，並且受到氣候、地形、土質及土壤肥力等栽培環境影響而變化，使各產區形成各種不同的整枝型式。台灣位於多雨氣候區，葡萄枝條生長量大，現行的密植栽培使生育期枝條生長不均，又因無適當的樹型架構，冬季枝條大小及長短不均，無法決定適當的整枝修剪方法。目前都依實際枝條長短及大小進行修剪，一般稱之為自然型整枝，修剪後結果枝大小及長短不一，萌芽先後不同而造成花穗大小及新梢生育管理上的困擾。必須依品種特性、發育生理及立地條件，改善目前的整枝與修剪方式，適當地調整主枝、亞主枝及側枝的分配比例，期將來能有一定的固定型式，培養優良均勻的結果母枝，構成生產高品質葡萄之基礎結構。

並列摘要

By means of training the skeleton of grapevine is estabilished, and thus the physiological function of the vine is limited. When the distance of the plants are too far the vine's carnopy cannot expand enough, so the space is wasted. But if the plants are too crowded, the shoots overlap because they don't have enough space, consequently the photosynthetic ability lowered and thus the grape quality is declined. The quantity of shoot growth of grapevine is too large beause of the rainy weather in Taiwan. Furthermore, under present cultural model of crowded planting, the shoots grew unevenly which resulted in a random construction of vine skeleton. Therefore, there is no any standard pruning model at present. The author briefly described the present techniques of training and pruning of grapevine in Taiwean and make a discussion on which are the proper ones.