促進葡萄著果之管理

The Management for Promoting Fruit Setting in Grape

林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 14號 (1988/12) Pp. 209-218

摘要

巨峰葡萄具有新梢生長勢強、果粒大、糖度高、豐產及落花性強等特性，在目前密植及多肥栽培方式下，冬季必須強修剪以限制樹冠的擴張，生育期間在高溫多濕的環境下，因為新梢容易徒長，花穗因而無法獲得適當的養分，雌雄器官發育不健全或花粉之充實度不足，影響授粉過程及受精後退化，而引起落花及單為結果。為改善巨峰葡萄生理缺陷，許多學者主張營養週期理論，以控制枝條生育來提高著果率。葡萄休眠期間利用修剪技術可調整枝條的生長量，萌芽後以疏芽、摘心、葉面施肥等方式調節新梢生育，開花前利用Alar、CCC等生長調竹節劑抑制新梢生長，以人為手段形成營養轉換谷，防止新梢與果實競爭養分，可健全胚珠發育以提高著果率。

並列摘要

Kyoho grape has many characteristics such as strong vigor, large berry size, high sugar content, high yield, but the flower shed easily. Under the present cultural practise of condensed planting and heavy fertilization, it needs a heavy pruning in the winter to restrict the tree crown extention. Furthermore, the shoot grows vigorously because the growth period has high temperature and humidity, therefore the cluster could not get enough nutrition. So, the sexual organs and pollens developed poorly which resulted in bad pollination and abortion thereafter, consequently caused flower shedding and parthenocarpy. To improve the conditions described above, many investigators proposed a ”nutritional cycle theory” which stated that the fruit setting could be enhanced by controlling the growth vigor of the shotot. Therefore, pruning during dormant period as well as de-budding, topping and foliar fertilizer application after budberaking were used to regulate the new shoot growth. Whereas, application of palnt growth hormones such as Alar and CCC before blooming retards shoot growth. By means of man-made ”nutritional transition valley” the competition between shoots and young fruits is prevented, the fruit setting is thus enhanced due to the complete development of the ovule.