蝴蝶蘭設施生產體系之探討

A View of Phalaenopsis Production under Structure in Taiwan

許謙信(Chian-Shinn Sheu)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 18號 (1990/06) Pp. 117-123

摘要

臺灣為蝴蝶蘭原產地之一，氣候環境適合蝴蝶蘭之生長及栽培，蝴蝶蘭在臺灣自然條件下，花期集中於每年2月至5月。蝴蝶蘭一般均以無菌播種及組織培養無性繁殖，瓶苗移植出後需一年至一年半可有部份植株開花，蝴蝶蘭之開花可受溫度控制而調節產期，其花芽分化與花梗生長的適溫在20~25℃之間，而形成花苞與開花則在25~30℃較為適合。25℃涼溫處理之時間每日至少需12小時以上，在一個月後開始有花梗長出，已開花之成熟株涼溫促成栽培之效果較未開花株好。蝴蝶蘭在臺灣生產每分地之投資金額五年約400~500萬元與日本相近。在荷蘭及日本市場蝴蝶蘭之供應以9~11月較少，價格亦較高。

並列摘要

Taiwan is one of the original region of Phalaenopsis. The climate is suitable for Phalaenopsis growth. In nature condition, flowering season concentrate form Feb. to May. General propagation methods are sterilized seeding and asexual propagation by tissue culture. After transplanting from flask, some plants can be flowering in one and half years. Flowering of Phalaenopsis can be regulated by temperature controll. The optimum temperature for Phalaenopsis flower stalk formation is 20~25℃. 25℃ cooling treatment in summer must have 12 hours and moe in a day, after one month and more, some plants have flower stalk emerging. Mature plants are better than young plants for forcing culture. In Taiwan, estimated cost for Phalaenopsis cultivation is NT$ 4-5 million for 0.1 ha. in five years. It is near the cost for orchids culture in Japan. In Hollad and Japan flower market, supply was not ehough from Jun. to Sep. Growers tried to export cut flowers or flowering plants in the period.