國內生物肥料產業的發展現況與展望

The Development and Prospect of the Microbial Fertilizer Industry in Taiwan

張忠賀(Chung-Ho Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 121號 (2014/03) Pp. 163-175

摘要

第三個千年肥料發展方向為「注重食品安全、環境保護及提高肥料利用率之創新產品」，微生物肥料因具有肥料功能（固氮作用、溶磷作用、分解作用）及其他功能（生長及吸收促進、抗逆境及適應性、保護根圈、解毒、提早開花及收穫、減少病蟲害），是符合國際學術研究及產業發展趨勢的新興產品，在有機農業中的施肥上，微生物肥料類在提高土壤養分有效性將扮演重要的角色。台灣於2010年7月29日公吿修正增列微生物肥料類豆科根瘤菌肥料、游離固氮菌肥料、溶磷菌肥料、溶鉀菌肥料、複合微生物肥料及叢枝菌根菌肥料等6個品目，為配合肥料管理並同步修正肥料登記證申請及核發辦法，增訂製造及輸入業者申請微生物肥料登記證時，應檢附微生物肥料作物毒害、生物毒性及環境生態試驗報告等之規定。在2011年6月3日公告「已被鑑定為安全之微生物肥料菌種」，包括細菌8個、真菌4個及酵母菌4個，計16個微生物肥料菌種，肥料業者可據以辦理微生物肥料登記證。國內微生物肥料產品登記證之核發至103年2月11日止，計有13種溶磷菌肥料，在農委會及國家型計畫大力推動下，生物性肥料之研發方向已擴大至複合生物有機肥料及生技肥料之高品質與多功能研發方面。未來為開拓國內外肥料市場，將以廠商技術移轉、產學合作研發計畫和大　學建教合作及創新育成中心之技術研發及輔導廠商為主要執行方向。

關鍵字

微生物肥料 ； 生物安全性 ； 肥料登記證 ； 市場

並列摘要

The development of fertilizers in future of the third Millennium is based on the food security, environmental protection and the innovational products with more efficiency of fertilizers. Microbial fertilizer is the new product that corresponds to the international academic research and the development of the industry as a result of the fertilizer functions (Nitrogen fixation, phosphate, solubilization and degradation) and other functions (Improvement of plant growth, stress resistance and adaptation, rhizosphere protection, detoxication, advancement of flowering and fruiting and reduction of plant diseases), and it's enhancement of nutrition in soil plays an important role in organic agriculture. The Council of Agriculture (hereafter abbreviated as ”the Council” ) of the Executive Yuan of ROC has increased 6 items of microbial fertilizer includes legume root-nodule bacterial , nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizer, potassium solubilizing bio-fertilizer, complex microbial fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi since 29 July 2010. For the management of fertilizer and modification of the regulation for application and issuance of fertilizer registration certificate, to apply for a microbial fertilizer registration certificate, a fertilizer manufacturer or importer shall submit a test report for crop toxicity, biological toxicity and ecological assessment. The Council has announced the microbes certified as safety for fertilizer use, including 8 bacteria, 4 fungi and 4 yeast, total 16 microorganism that can be used as a foundation to apply for a microbial fertilizer registration certificate since 3 June 2011. Until 11 February 2014, there have been 13 phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers which contain microbial fertilizer registration certificates in Taiwan. With the help of the Council and the national program, the R&D direction of bio-fertilizers has been toward to the high quality and multi-function of the complex bio-organic fertilizers and the bio-technology fertilizers. For the development of fertilizer market, the Technology Transfer, R&D program of industry-academic cooperation, cooperative education between college and enterprise, technology R&D of the Innovation Incubation Center are the trend in the future.

並列關鍵字

Microbial fertilizer ； Fertilizer registration certificate ； Biological security ； Market