以防災工作坊手法建構坡地社區自主防災能力

Using Workshop Approach to Build up Self Disaster Prevention Ability of Hillside Community

林杰宏(Lin, Chieh-Hung) ； 吳室賢(Wu, Shih-Hsien)

《健康與建築雜誌》 4卷1期 (2017/02) Pp. 18-25

https://doi.org/10.6299/JHA.2017.4.1.R2.18

摘要

背景：臺灣因而形成地質構造複雜，加以於民國八十年代大量開發之坡地社區，隨長期環境變遷、水土保持及邊坡保護工程設施老化，其災害之潛在風險日益增高，本文探討透過公部門、專業團體及社區居民三方合作透過防災工作坊之操作提昇社區自主防災能力之策略與效益。目的：透過文獻分析及問卷調查分析探討運用「防災工作坊」之軟性手法提昇坡地社區自主防災能力之效益，及後續推動之策略。方法：本文運用文獻分析法回顧坡地防災社區營造相關研究成果，分析營造防災社區之關鍵成功因素。另外對財團法人臺灣建築中心自99 年至104 年所輔導近85 處坡地社區發送50 分問卷並回收有問卷41 份調查及分析，藉以了解坡地社區居民對於防災之認知及需求。經由兩種方法之分析成果之比較，歸納出坡地自主防災社區之推動對策。結果：坡地社區居民對於防災安全有普遍之認知，亦認同建立自主防災組織擔任第一線之防救災工作，但社區籌措防災組織運作經費之意願低落。對於自主防災社區之推動應有之作為如下：1. 公部門、專業團體及社區居民三方合作；2. 社區防災組織之持續性技術及經費支持；3. 導入網站、簡易監測儀器等科學化工具；4. 提供社區防災操作工作手冊有利於防災技術傳承。結論/應用實務：透過專業技師之輔導並以社區營造手法將防災之知識與技術移轉給坡地社區，為務實有效之防災推動作為。

關鍵字

坡地社區 ； 自主防災社區 ； 防災工作坊 ； 社區營造

並列摘要

Background: With the long-term environmental changes, soil and water conservation and slope protection engineering facilities aging, the potential risks of disasters are increasing. This study explores through the public sector, professional groups and community residents to enhance the community's ability to self-prevent disaster through the operation of disaster prevention workshops. Purposes: Through the investigation of elder's living environment, to assess the risk factors lead to falls, and provide the basis for the community renovation suitable for the elderly. Methods: In this study, the literature review method is used to review the results of research on hillside disaster prevention community, and the key success factors of self disaster prevention community are analyzed. In addition, 50 questionnaires were sent to the 85 hillside communities coached by Taiwan Architecture Center from 1999 to 1994, and 41 valid questionnaires were analyzed to understand the knowledge and needs of the residents of the hillside communities. Through the comparison of the results of the two methods, the study concludes the promotion measures of build up self disaster prevention hillside communities. Results: Hillside community residents have a common understanding of disaster prevention and safety, but also agreed to establish their own disaster prevention organizations as the first line of anti-disaster relief work, but the willing to raise fund for disaster prevention is low. The measures to build up the self disaster prevention community are shown as below: 1.The tripartite cooperation between public sector, professional groups and community residents; 2.Continuous technical and financial support for community disaster prevention organizations; 3.Supporting scientific tools such as websites and simple monitoring instruments; 4.Disaster prevention operation manual is conducive to disaster prevention technology heritage. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Through the guidance of professional engineers and community-empowerment approach to disaster prevention knowledge and technology transfer to the hillside community, as a practical and effective disaster prevention action.

並列關鍵字

hillside community ； disaster resistant community ； disaster prevention workshop ； community empowerment