日治時期鳥瞰圖作品之探索及台灣文化地圖的創作

A Exploration to the Artworks of Bird's Eye View during Japanese Colonial Period and a Creation of Taiwan Cultural Map

王開立(Kai-Li Wang)

《輔仁大學藝術學報》 2期 (2013/07) Pp. 88-106

摘要

日治時期的鳥瞰圖是一種兼具繪畫與導覽性質的主題地圖，盛行於1930年代，精緻的繪製技巧與印刷品質，在當時受到殖民政權的高度重視，還被當成介紹台灣風景名勝與旅遊推廣的宣傳工具。這些地圖多半具有鮮麗的色彩以及詳盡寫實的繪畫風格，記錄著台灣的地貌、交通、景點、物產等資訊，是研究日治時期台灣文化極為重要的文獻資料，十分具有收藏價值。有別於西方繪畫的透視原理，日式的鳥瞰圖獨自發展出具有濃厚東方色彩的繪畫風格與表現形式，除了能夠帶給閱讀者立體化的空間經驗外，更因出色的繪畫技巧與裝飾性風格，大幅提升了地圖的藝術價值。無論是鳥瞰圖宗師吉田初三郎或是其弟子金子常光的作品皆能呈現出地理空間的樣貌與景致特色，即便是已經超過六十個年頭，其鮮明的繪畫風格以及強烈的時代意義，至今仍然在地理學研究領域中佔據著極重要的份量，甚至成為復古式插畫表現的臨摹對象。本研究是從地圖的藝術性角度切人，以文獻探討方式了解鳥瞰圖作品在日治時期的重要意涵與興衰歷程，並根據國內外學者關於鳥瞰圖的定義、地圖元素、繪畫風格、構圖方式等之論述，再結合作者對於吉田初三郎與金子常光等繪師之作品觀察與整理，歸納出鳥瞰圖的特徵與時代價值。最後將依據這些鳥瞰圖的特徵，由作者帶領一群設計科系的學生以台灣文化地圖為主題，進行鳥瞰圖風格之復刻創作實驗。把某些深受日本文化影響的台灣景點，採用復古式的鳥瞰圖手法重新詮釋，除試圖營造出日治時期的懷舊風情與氛圍外，還嘗試在鳥瞰圖風格的地圖繪畫題材中，融入創新性與實驗性的表現手法。

關鍵字

日治時期 ； 鳥瞰圖 ； 吉田初三郎 ； 金子常光

並列摘要

The prevalence of bird's eye view of the Japanese colonial period in the 1930s is a combination of painting and tourism promotion nature of the topic map by the colonial regime attaches great importance at the time. It is a propaganda tool to navigate the scenic spots in Taiwan. Recording Taiwan's topography, transportation, attractions, property, and other information, most of these maps have brighter colors and detailed and realistic style of paintings. As valuable collections, these documents are extremely important when studying Taiwan culture during the Japanese occupation.Different from Western painting, the Japanese bird's eye view develops a strong oriental painting style and form of expressive form. In addition to giving the reader the experience of three-dimensional space, it greatly enhances the artistic value of the map because of the excellent drawing skills and decorative styles. No matter the master Yoshida Hatsusaburou or his disciple Kaneko Tsunehika, their works show the appearance of the geospatial features. Even after sixty years, their distinctive painting style and the strong sense of the times still occupy a very important status in the field on geography research, and often become an object of retro-style illustration.Applying literature review, the study focuses on the artistic part of the map, to investigate the important implications and the rise and fall of bird's eye view during the Japanese colonial period. The study also sums up the characteristics and the time value of bird's eye view according to the scholars' definition, map elements, painting style, composition, and so on, combined with observation of the work of Yoshida Hatsusaburou and Kaneko Tsunehika.At last, based on the characteristics of bird's eye view, a group of students from the design department led by the author process the Taiwan culture map. They reinterpret some tourist attractions in Taiwan, which are influenced by the Japanese culture. In addition to trying to create a nostalgic style and an atmosphere of during the Japanese colonial period, they also blend innovative and experimental performance practices into bird's eye view style map.

並列關鍵字

Japanese Colonial Period ； Bird's Eye View ； Yoshida Hatsusaburou ； Kaneko Tsunehika