作業環境二氧化碳監測結果應用探討

研究目的為透過實際測定數據來探討二氧化碳監測之意義與應用，並結合法規與文獻探討二氧化碳監測之預期意義。依據職業安全衛生法要求，事業單位在作業場所必須進行二氧化碳濃度監測，就現有二氧化碳監測要求規範下，事業單位如何進行二氧化碳監測並將監測結果轉化為有意義的數據提供作業環境管理參考。研究方法將透過特定場所及模擬實驗暴露腔進行長時間監測二氧化碳濃度變化，依據二氧化碳濃度隨時間變化情形，檢討二氧化碳監測時應注意事項，最後再依據監測數據及文獻資料，探討如何應用監測結果來改善作業環境。研究結果發現二氧化碳監測數據會受時間與空間之影響，應該擬定適當監測策略，才能顯示環境中有意義的二氧化碳濃度狀況。而常見之二氧化碳監測數據為監測人員呼氣所產生之二氧化碳於環境中累積情形，文獻顯示最高濃度約為3,300ppm，平均濃度約為2,250ppm，發生在學生上課教室內。二氧化碳監測數據不應只應用於「勞工暴露狀況評估」，除非作業場所在人員呼氣外仍有其它二氧化碳發生源，二氧化碳監測結果連結於容許濃度標準才有意義，事業單位也應將二氧化碳監測數據應用於「掌握勞工作業環境實態」之另一目的，應用此來管理作業場所通風換氣狀況，若超過設定濃度，就應該對作業場所之換氣狀況進行評估改善，符合作業場所對於新鮮空氣換氣之要求。

關鍵字

二氧化碳；作業環境監測；新鮮空氣換氣率

並列摘要

According to Enforcement Rules of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, a business unit has to detect carbon dioxide concentration in some workplace. It is often being questioned that whether this detection is necessary or not, because the detecting result shows that the carbon dioxide concentration is always under the standard. Although there are some arguments in carbon dioxide concentration assessment, the labors are familiar with the information about carbon dioxide. Therefore, it still needs to be discussed and taken it seriously. This research uses experiment to discuss the meaning of carbon dioxide assessment and its' application, and combining with legislation and literature to discuss the expected meaning of carbon dioxide. Otherwise, this research also offers a business unit as an operating environment reference that how to do carbon dioxide assessment and turn the research result into another meaning in the regulation of carbon dioxide assessment. This study tests a special situation in a long time, including in some particular place and simulation chamber, and observes the changing of carbon dioxide concentration. By following the changing of carbon dioxide concentration, it can confirm the notice of carbon dioxide assessment again. At last, combining with research data and literature, and discuss that how to use this assessment result to prove operating environment. The research shows that assessment data of carbon dioxide can be influenced when changing time and space. It should be formulated an appropriate strategy and it may be shown a meaningful result. Normally, the data of carbon dioxide assessment was defined by the accumulation of carbon dioxide that employee breathe in working place. In literature, the highest carbon dioxide concentration is 3,300 ppm, and the average carbon dioxide concentration is 2,250 ppm in the student classroom. It shows that the lone time average carbon dioxide concentration will not be over 5,000 ppm, and we can forecast that in working place may have the same result. It's meaningful that concerning another source of carbon dioxide in working place without employee's breathing, and it also can connect with assessment data and the standard of concentration. The other thing is carbon dioxide can be used that understanding labors' operating environment, and manage working place ventilation. If the concentration is over the standard, the business unit has to do carbon dioxide assessment again to make sure that whether the rate of exchange fresh air is corresponded with the standard.

並列關鍵字

Carbon dioxide ； Exposure assessment ； Exchange rate of fresh air

參考文獻

Lu, Po-Hung,Chen, Chun-Wan,Chang, Cheng-Ping(2006).Accumvlation of CO from Gas Water Heater on Balconies.Journal of Occupational Safety and Health.14,299-307.

勞動部。勞工作業環境監測實施辦法。臺灣省臺北市；2013。