吸血蠓對紅樹林濕地生態系統服務功能之衝擊

Impacts of EcosystemService Function on Biting Midges in Mangrove Wetlands

黃基森(Ji-Sen Hwang)

《濕地學刊》 2卷2期 (2013/07) Pp. 41-53

摘要

2012年4月至2013年3月在北部之香山、新豐、關渡、淡水紅樹林與挖仔尾等五處紅樹林濕地以人體誘集法與目視法進行吸血蠓類危害調查。研究發現兼吸人類與鳥類血液之淡水庫蠓分布於北部濱海之紅樹林濕地，這是國內首次發現的重要滋擾性害蟲。庫蠓幼蟲水陸生，孳生於紅樹林之泥質灘地。雌成蟲可飛行至孳生地1公里範圍吸血危害且一年四季均可出沒危害。吸血庫蠓是晨昏活動的類群，主要出現在黃昏與黎明時段吸血，吸食危害人類之密度在8～48隻／20min之間。庫蠓幼蟲主要孳生於紅樹林濕地之潮間帶與河口淡鹽水交界處所。潮間帶或河口地區紅樹林成林後，使得有機質得以沉澱且產生蔭蔽效應，而成為庫蠓幼蟲孳生場所。紅樹林濕地開發成為環境教育、遊憩、運動休閒等場域後，人潮帶給庫蠓豐富的吸血來源，致密度大幅上升。北部濱海紅樹林濕地吸血庫蠓大量繁殖，已危害民眾生命健康，同時降低鳥類生物多樣性、文化地景、環境教育、遊憩、休閒與觀光等服務系統功能。

關鍵字

生態系統服務功能 ； 吸血蠓 ； 紅樹林濕地 ； 庫蠓

並列摘要

To study biting midges (Culicoides Laterille) in five different areas of mangrove wetlands ((Siangshan wetland, Sinfong wetland, Guandu wetland, Danshuei River mangrove wetland and Wazihwei wetland,) in the coastal regions of North Taiwan by using Human bait method and Visual inspection method from April ,2012 to March, 2013. The results are as follows: 1. Biting midges (or no-see-ums) species Culicoides tanshuensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is newly recorded in Taiwan, it can be found all year round in five different mangrove wetlands. 2. Biting midges in the genes Culicoides is being an especially troublesome pest in the coastal area. The breeding places of biting midges have been found in muddy rich in organic matter in mangrove wetlands. 3.Adult has been observed to bite humans, as well as birds in large numbers at dusk and early morning. The bites cause itching and, in sensitive people, welts and lesions that last for several days. 4. Abundant of biting midges are detrimental to the ecology and environment by not only decreasing the service functions of ecosystem, but also threatening the survival of mankind and birds.

並列關鍵字

Biting midges ； Culicoides ； Mangrove wetlands ； Service functions of ecosystem