互花米草入侵海岸濕地之管理策略新思維

Alternative Management Strategies for the coastal wetlands invaded by exotic species of Spartina alterniflora

楊磊(Lei Yang)

《濕地學刊》 5卷1期 (2016/12) Pp. 40-54

摘要

中國大陸沿岸濕地長久遭受強勢外來鹽沼濕地植物種互花米草的入侵及大量繁殖，對於濕地原生的種植種群，互花米草呈現出優勢的競爭力，嚴重影響海岸濕地的原生生態系目前互花米草已發現入侵到臺灣地區，對於這些遭受到互花米草入侵的诲岸濕地，海峽兩岸均採取徹底清除的方式進行，以期恢復原有的海岸濕地植被生態系。然而，事實證明，目前海峽兩岸所採用徹底清除的方式，皆無法有效的控制互花米草。因此，對於遭受互花米草入侵的海岸濕地，需找出另類的經營管理模式。由於互花米草本身具有一些生態服務功能，例如像碳匯、淨化水質、修復污染的灘地濕地土壤、保護灘地，以及調節微氣候等，因此適當加以控制其生長的範圍，而不是全部清除，將可使互花米草與當地原生種海岸濕地植物間，演替出新的生態平衡，而強化海岸濕地的生態服務功能，此種經營管理的策略，對於以往所採用機械或化學藥劑方式之徹底清除經營管理模式，其所可能造成棲地二次傷害上的缺失，有所彌補。

關鍵字

海岸濕地 ； 互花米草 ； 清除模式 ； 有效生長控制模式

並列摘要

The coastal wetlands in Mainland China have been suffered invasion of exotic salt marsh plant species Spartina alterniflora for a long time. Comparing to native wetland plants, Spartina alterniflora presents competitive advantages, seriously affect coastal wetlands native ecosystems. Currently, Spartina alterniflora has been found to have invaded Taiwan. To solve the problems of Spartina alterniflora invasion to coastal wetlands, both Mainland China and Taiwan used completely clear manner to restore the original wetland vegetation in coastal ecosystems. However, the fact that such the completely clear method, were unable to effectively control the growth of Spartina alterniflora. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative management model. Since Spartina alterniflora itself still has some ecological service functions, such as carbon sequestration, water purification, remediation of contaminated bottomland wetland soils, protected beaches, as well as adjust the micro climate, therefore suitable to control the scope of its growth, but not all clear, will enable interoperability between exotic species of Spartina alterniflora and native species achieving a new ecological balance through succession to strengthen the ecosystem service functions of coastal wetlands. Such management strategies may make up the secondary damage for habitat caused by using conventional mechanical or chemical manner to remove Spartina alterniflora in coastal wetlands.

並列關鍵字

coastal wetlands ； Spartina alterniflora ； clear manner ； effective growth control model