探討影響桃園海岸大型底棲無脊椎動物群集的驅動力

Exploring the drivers of benthic macroinvertebrate community on the coast of Taoyuan

尤心俞(Hsin-Yu Yu) ； 黃守忠(Shou-Chung Huang) ； 林幸助(Hsing-Juh Lin)

《濕地學刊》 7卷1期 (2018/12) Pp. 1-22

摘要

海岸棲地類型常決定大型底棲無脊椎動物群集。本研究量化粗糙度及基質多樣性作為棲地複雜度的指標，探討影響桃園海岸四種主要棲地類型(藻礁(R)、藻礁與礫石混生(RG)、沙地與礫石混生(SG)及沙地(S))之大型底棲無脊椎動物密度與群集結構之主要驅動力。研究結果顯示，R 有最高的棲地複雜度，其他依序為RG、SG、S。棲地複雜度越高，大型底棲無脊椎動物的密度與多樣性皆越高。多毛綱、雙殼綱、十足目及等足目數量在棲地間有顯著差異，大型底棲無脊椎動物群集組成在棲地間亦有顯著差異。造成差異的主要因子為棲地粗糙度及水體相對流速，而水質的影響相對較小。相對流速高的R，有較多的雙殼綱及濾食性的多毛綱；較高粗糙度有利於提供體型小的裂蟲科及小型小相手蟹良好的庇護所；而珠螺與海葵偏好基質多樣性較高的礫石混生棲地(RG及SG)。整體而言，桃園海岸水體相對流速是影響海岸大型底棲無脊椎動物群集的主要驅動力，但漂沙卻是壓力來源，使得基質多樣性高的SG及RG因為漂沙影響而降低生物多樣性。

關鍵字

藻礁 ； 棲地複雜度 ； 粗糙度 ； 底棲無脊椎動物 ； 群集組成

並列摘要

Habitat type often determines benthic macroinvertebrate community. In this study, the rugosity and substrate diversity were used as indices to quantify habitat complexity. The four main habitat types on the coast of Taoyuan were quantified, including algal reefs (R), algal reefs and gravel mixed (RG), sand and gravel mixed (SG) and Sand (S), together with quantitative surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates. The results showed that only rugosity can reflect biodiversity. R has the highest habitat complexity, followed by RG, SG, and S. The higher the habitat complexity, the higher abundance and taxon diversity. There were significant differences in abundance of polychaeta, bivalvia, decapoda and isopoda among habitat types. There were also significant differences in community composition among habitat types. The main factors causing the differences were physical rugosity and flow velocity, while the effect of water quality was relatively minor. R with a higher flow velocity had more abundant bivalvia and filter-feeding polychaeta. The higher rugosity also facilitated the shelter for the small-sized Syllidae and Nanosesarma minutum. RG and SG with high substrate diversity were favored by Actiniaria and Lunella coronata. Overall, flow velocity created the variety of habitat types on the coast of Taoyuan. However, drift sand was a stress which led to the lower diversity of SG and RG despite the high substrate diversity.

並列關鍵字

Algal reefs ； Habitat complexity ； Rugosity ； Benthic invertebrate ； community composition