嶺南文明進程的考古學觀察

Archaeological Observations on the Development of Lingnan Culture

卜工(Gong Bu)

《歷史人類學學刊》 3卷2期 (2005/10) Pp. 1-23

摘要

本文運用考古類型學方法，系統地梳理了嶺南地區新石器時代至戰國以前的考古學資料。從陶器的製法、風格、形態變化等微觀研究入手，提出了嶺南新石器時代考古學遺存的年代分期框架、青銅時代相區別的界說、青銅時代的階段性劃分理念和基本概念。本文首次在學術界提出了嶺南作為獨立文化區的特徵：即石器的長過程、珠江的大傳統、聚落的多形態和地域的三大塊；再討論新石器時代晚期文化格局的幾個特點，即：中西明朗、東部模糊、南北對話、海陸有別；進而指出嶺南文明是一個漸進、較長的歷史過程，其特點是農耕拓展、文明漸進、俗化百越、禮教南疆。這樣的論述既強調了嶺南地區的自身特點，又突出了其與中原文明的聯繫。同時，本文嘗試用考古學文化特徵區別和命名古國的方法，把嶺南考古學資料的研究提升到歷史學研究的層次。

關鍵字

嶺南地區 ； 考古學文化區 ； 文明 ； 古國

並列摘要

This paper uses the methodology of archaeological typology to interpret the archaeological materials of the Lingnan region from the neolithic to Warring States period. Through analysis of pottery production methods, styles, and forms, the author proposes new interpretations of the chronology of Lingnan in the neolithic; the demarcation between the neolithic and bronze ages, and the different stages of the bronze age. The articles identifies Lingnan as a distinctive cultural area, based on its protracted period of stone tool use, the long-lived traditions of the Pearl River region, its multi-form settlement patterns, and the existence of three sub-traditions. In the late neolithic, the Lingnan area demonstrated the following characteristics: distinctive culture in east and centre regions; less distinctive culture in the east; cultural dialogue between north and south, and differentiation between coast and inland regions. The emergence of Lingnan culture was a gradual, long-term historical process involving the diffusion of agriculture, cultural development, and diffusion of rituals and customs. The paper also uses the archaeological method of distinguishing cultural characteristics in order to identify ancient states that are known historically, and thus raises the research into the archaeological materials of Lingnan to the level of historical research.

並列關鍵字

Lingnan area ； archaeological culture area ； civilization ； ancient state